The ALMA Survey of 70 $μ$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). IV. Star formation signatures in G023.477
Kaho Morii, Patricio Sanhueza, Fumitaka Nakamura, James M. Jackson, Shanghuo Li, Henrik Beuther, Qizhou Zhang, Siyi Feng, Daniel Tafoya, Andrés E. Guzmán, Natsu… 展开作者
Kaho Morii, Patricio Sanhueza, Fumitaka Nakamura, James M. Jackson, Shanghuo Li, Henrik Beuther, Qizhou Zhang, Siyi Feng, Daniel Tafoya, Andrés E. Guzmán, Natsuko Izumi, Takeshi Sakai, Xing Lu, Ken'ichi Tatematsu, Satoshi Ohashi, Andrea Silva, Fernando A. Olguin, Yanett Contreras
备注:
Accepted for publication in ApJ (September 1, 2021). 33 pages, 20 figures, and 5 tables
质量为$\sim$ 1000 $M_\odot$,表面密度为$\sim$ 0.5 g cm $^{-2}$,G023.477+0.114也被称为IRDC 18310-4,是一个有可能形成高质量恒星的红外暗云,被认为是一个有希望的星前星团候选者。为了描述高质量恒星形成的早期阶段,我们观测了G023.477+0.114,这是ALMA对70 $μ$ m暗高质量团块早期阶段(ASHES)调查的一部分。我们已经进行了$\sim$ 1。“使用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)在1.3毫米处对尘埃连续体和分子谱线发射进行2分辨率观测。我们确定了11个核心,其质量范围从1.1 $M_\odot$到19.0 $M_\odot$。忽略磁场,核心的维里参数低于1,这意味着核心是引力约束的。然而,当磁场包括在内时,星前核接近维里平衡,而原恒星核保持亚维里化。恒星形成活动已经在这一丛开始。在CO和SiO中检测到四个准直流出。H $_2$ CO和CH $_3$ OH发射与CO和SiO发射中看到的高速分量一致。流出物对于出生丝和磁场是随机定向的。位置-速度图表明,即使在原恒星形成的非常早期阶段,阶段性的物质抛射也已经开始。这些核心的质量与IRDC可能形成的最大恒星质量(8-19 $M_\odot$)相当。我们探讨了IRDC G023.477+0.114如何在理论情景中最终形成大质量恒星的两种可能性。
英文摘要:
With a mass of $\sim$1000 $M_\odot$ and a surface density of $\sim$0.5 g cm$^{-2}$, G023.477+0.114 also known as IRDC 18310-4 is an infrared dark cloud (IRDC) that has the potential to form high-mass stars and has been recognized as a promising prestellar clump candidate. To characterize the early stages of high-mass star formation, we have observed G023.477+0.114 as part of the ALMA Survey of 70 $μ$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). We have conducted $\sim$1."2 resolution observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 1.3 mm in dust continuum and molecular line emission. We identified 11 cores, whose masses range from 1.1 $M_\odot$ to 19.0 $M_\odot$. Ignoring magnetic fields, the virial parameters of the cores are below unity, implying that the cores are gravitationally bound. However, when magnetic fields are included, the prestellar cores are close to virial equilibrium, while the protostellar cores remain sub-virialized. Star formation activity has already started in this clump. Four collimated outflows are detected in CO and SiO. H$_2$CO and CH$_3$OH emission coincide with the high-velocity components seen in the CO and SiO emission. The outflows are randomly oriented for the natal filament and the magnetic field. The position-velocity diagrams suggest that episodic mass ejection has already begun even in this very early phase of protostellar formation. The masses of the identified cores are comparable to the expected maximum stellar mass that this IRDC could form (8-19 $M_\odot$). We explore two possibilities on how IRDC G023.477+0.114 could eventually form high-mass stars in the context of theoretical scenarios.
The ALMA Survey of 70 $μ$m Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XII. Unanchored Forked Stream in the Propagating Path of a Protostellar Outflow
The ALMA Survey of 70 $μ\rm m$ Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). II: Molecular Outflows in the Extreme Early Stages of Protocluster Formation
The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XIII. Core Mass Function, Lifetime, and Growth of Prestellar Cores
The University of Tokyo(东京大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国立天文台,国立自然科学研究院);Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学,法国国家科学研究中心,IPAG);Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所);Kyoto University(京都大学);Xiamen University(厦门大学);Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台);Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院)
Global and Local Infall in the ASHES Sample (GLASHES). II. Asymmetric Line Profiles around Dense Cores in 70 $μ$m Dark Massive Clumps
The University of Tokyo(东京大学);Green Bank Observatory(格林班克天文台);USRA SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center(美国研究联合体SOFIA科学中心,NASA艾姆斯研究中心);University of Newcastle(纽卡斯尔大学)
Evolution of starless cores in massive clumps seen by the ALMA ASHES and QUARKS surveys
Yunnan University(云南大学);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台);Universidad de Chile(智利大学);Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台南美天文中心);Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo(东京大学理学部天文学科);Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese(中国科学院新疆天文台)
ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -XIII. Ongoing triggered star formation within clump-fed scenario found in the massive ($\sim1500$ $\rm M_\odot$) clump
ALMA Observations of the IRDC Clump G34.43+00.24 MM3: Complex Organic and Deuterated Molecules
利用阿塔卡马大型毫米波/亚毫米波阵列(ALMA)观测了与红外暗云(IRDC)团簇G34.43+00.24 MM 3有关的热核/科里诺(HC)的复杂有机分子(COMs)和氘代物质。我们已经检测到六个正常COM(CH 3OH,CH 3CHO,CH 3CH 2CN,CH 3 OCH 3,HCOOCH 3和NH 2CHO),一个氘代COM(CH 2DCN),和两个氘代基本分子(D2CO和DNC)对G34.43+00.24 MM 3 HC。在我们的数据中,除了CH 3OH之外,没有检测到这些线朝向冲击区域,这表明COMs不起源于冲击。发现G34.43+00.24 MM 3 HC中COMs相对于CH 3OH的丰度与高质量热核中的丰度相似,而不是低质量恒星形成区中的热Corino中的丰度。这一结果表明,G34.43+00.24 MM 3 HC预热阶段的物理条件与高质量源相似。另一方面,G34.43+00.24 MM 3 HC中相对于CH $_3$ OH的D2CO丰度高于其他热核,并且似乎与热Corino相当。G34.43+00.24 MM 3 HC的相对高的D2CO/CH 3OH比意味着G34.43+00.24 MM 3 HC的长的冷无星相。
Linking simulations and observations of star-forming regions I. Masses and temperatures of ALMAGAL-like cores
I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln(科隆大学第一物理研究所);Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE), CSIC(空间科学研究所,西班牙高等科学研究委员会);Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院);Center for Data and Simulation Science, University of Cologne(科隆大学数据与模拟科学中心);Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学天体物理学乔德雷尔银行研究中心)
ALMA Resolves 30 Doradus: Sub-parsec Molecular Cloud Structure Near the Closest Super-Star Cluster
我们提出了ALMA观测30剑鱼座-迄今为止在河外恒星形成区分子气体的最高分辨率视图(~0.4pc x 0.6pc)。R136以北的30 Dor-10云被绘制成12 CO2 -1、13 CO2 -1、C18 O2 -1、1.3mm连续谱、H30 α复合线和两个H2 CO 3-2跃迁。大多数12 CO排放与小的细丝和团块有关(<1 pc,在当前分辨率下约为1000 Msun)。一些团块与原恒星有关,包括被R136强烈辐射光烧蚀的“创造之柱”。分子云的辐射通常通过分解成近似光束大小的团块来分析。剑鱼座30星系中的这种团块在大小、线宽和表面密度上与银河系团块有相似的趋势。30个剑鱼座团块在给定尺寸下的线宽比拉森的比例关系所预测的要大,这与压力限制一致。与10 pc分辨率下研究的云相比,它们在给定的尺寸和线宽下延伸到更高的表面密度。这些趋势也适用于银河系红外暗云中的团块;需要对这两种环境进行更高分辨率的观测。从尘埃连续体,CO和维里定理计算的团块质量的一致性表明,CO丰度在30剑鱼团块是没有显着不同的LMC平均值,但尘埃丰度可能会减少~2。有没有强烈的趋势,从R136的距离的团块属性,致密的团块不强烈的影响,外部辐射场,但有一个温和的趋势,降低致密的团块填充分数更深的云。
The ALMA-QUARKS Survey: Discovery of Superfine Dusty Fibrils inside Massive Star-forming Clumps
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);Taiyuan Normal University(太原师范学院)
ALMAGAL VII. Cataloging Hierarchical Mass Structure from Cores to Clumps across the Galactic Disk
University of Connecticut(康涅狄格大学);University of Oregon(俄勒冈大学);Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE), CSIC(空间科学研究所,西班牙高等科学研究委员会);Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院);INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziale(意大利国家天体物理研究所空间天体物理学和行星学研究所);Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma(罗马智慧大学物理系)
ALMAGAL V. Relations between the core populations and the parent clump physical properties
Sapienza Università di Roma(罗马第一大学);Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC)(太空科学研究所(加泰罗尼亚高等科研理事会));Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚太空研究学院);Università di Roma Tor Vergata(罗马第二大学);Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln(科隆大学物理研究所);SKA Observatory(平方公里阵列天文台);Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)(意大利国家天体物理研究所);Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica(中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所);Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学物理学与天文学系乔德雷尔银行天体物理中心)