On certain other sets of integers

Spectra of certain types of polynomials and tiling of integers with translates of finite sets

We consider two number-theoretic problems arising from Fuglede's spectral set conjecture: characterizing finite sets that tile integers, and finding polynomials with (0,1) coefficients whose roots have a certain multiplicative structure. We verify several special cases of the relevant conjectures; in particular, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for a set A to tile the integers if A is a direct sum of cyclic subsets.

不含长算术级数的大调和和整数集

Integer Sets of Large Harmonic Sum Which Avoid Long Arithmetic Progressions

本研究给出数字受限整数集不含k项算术级数的条件，通过大规模搜索找到不含4项与10项算术级数且调和和优于传统贪心构造的整数集，可高效计算相关集合与调和和。

An Extension of the Dirichlet Density for Sets of Gaussian Integers

Several measures for the density of sets of integers have been proposed, such as the asymptotic density, the Schnirelmann density, and the Dirichlet density. There has been some work in the literature on extending some of these concepts of density to higher dimensional sets of integers. In this work, we propose an extension of the Dirichlet density for sets of Gaussian integers and investigate some of its properties.

On Sets of Integers where Each Pair Sums to a Square

We discuss the problem of finding distinct integer sets $\{x_1,x_2,...,x_n\}$ where each sum $x_i+x_j, i \ne j$ is a square, and $n \le 7$. We confirm minimal results of Lagrange and Nicolas for $n=5$ and for the related problem with triples. We provide new solution sets for $n=6$ to add to the single known set. This provides new information for problem D15 in Guy's {\it Unsolved Problems in Number Theory}

On a Density for Sets of Integers

A relationship between the Riemann zeta function and a density on integer sets is explored. Several properties of the examined density are derived.

Integer Powers of Certain Complex (2k+1)-diagonal Toeplitz Matrices

In this paper, we obtain a general expression for the entries of the lth (l is integer) powers of even order (2k+1)-diagonal Toeplitz matrices. Additionally, we have the complex factorizations of Fibonacci polynomials.

On the sum of integers from some multiplicative sets and some powers of integers

We show that if there exists an integer subject to some congruence conditions that cannot be written as the sum of the norm of an ideal in $\mathbb{Z}[\exp(2πi/2^k)]$ and at most $k$ powers of $2$, $k\geq 3$, then there are infinitely many such integers. Also, if there exists an integer that cannot be written as the sum of an integer which is the norm of an ideal in in $\mathbb{Z}[\exp(2πi/p)]$ and at most $p-2$ powers of $p$, where $p\geq 3$ is a prime, then there are infinitely many such integers. Finally it is shown that there are infinitely many integers not the sum of the norm of an ideal…

Division-ample sets and the Diophantine problem for rings of integers

We prove that Hilbert's Tenth Problem for a ring of integers in a number field K has a negative answer if K satisfies two arithmetical conditions (existence of a so-called division-ample set of integers and of an elliptic curve of rank one over K). We relate division-ample sets to arithmetic of abelian varieties.

A characterization of finite sets that tile the integers

We consider the problem of characterizing finite sets which tile the integers by translations. Coven and Meyerowitz (J. Algebra 1999) found necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite set A to tile the integers under the assumption that |A| has at most 2 distinct prime factors. The purpose of this article is to settle, for the first time, certain three-prime cases.

由算术函数诱导的整数序列集合上的伪度量和预序

Pseudometrics and preorders on sets of integer sequences induced by arithmetic functions functions

本文探讨了由算术函数诱导的整数序列集合上的伪度量和预序，分析了其在整数集上的应用及扩展方法。

On sets with sum and difference structure

For nonempty sets $A,B$ of nonnegative integers and an integer $n$, let $r_{A,B}(n)$ be the number of representations of $n$ as $a+b$ and $d_{A,B}(n)$ be the number of representations of $n$ as $a-b$, where $a\in A, b\in B$. In this paper, we determine the sets $A,B$ such that $r_{A,B}(n)=1$ for every nonnegative integer $n$. We also consider the \emph{difference} structure and prove that: there exist sets $A$ and $B$ of nonnegative integers such that $r_{A,B}(n)\ge 1$ for all large $n$, $A(x)B(x)=(1+o(1))x$ and for any given nonnegative integer $c$, we have $d_{A,B}(n)=c$ for infinitely many …

On the parity of the multiplicative order of certain products of integers related to Gauss factorials

In this note, we prove that under some conditions, certain products of integers related to Gauss factorials are always quadratic residues.

满足Bateman-Horn统计的整数集

Sets of integers satisfying Bateman-Horn statistics

本文研究了满足Bateman-Horn统计的整数集，证明了随机整数集几乎必然满足该统计，并给出了强误差项。

Long regularly-spaced and convex sequences in dense sets of integers

Let A be a set of integers dense in a finite interval. We establish upper and lower bounds for the longest regularly-spaced and convex subsets of A and of A-A.

A question proposed by K. Mahler on exceptional sets of transcendental functions with integer coefficients: solution of a Mahler's problem

In this paper, we shall prove that any subset of $\overline{\mathbb Q}\cap B(0,1)$, which is closed under complex conjugation and which contains the element $0$, is the exceptional set of uncountably many transcendental functions, analytic in the unit ball, with integer coefficients. This solves a strong version of an old question proposed by K. Mahler (1976).

关于含拟必需元素与禁用元素的整数分拆相关集合

On sets related to integer partitions with quasi-required elements and disallowed elements

本文研究与整数分拆相关的极小集合计算问题，并将其转化为数值半群框架求解。

On certain positive integer sequences

A survey of recent results in elementary number theory is presented in this paper. Special attention is given to structure and asymptotic properties of certain families of positive integers.

有限整数集的和集大小反问题

Inverse problems for sumset sizes of finite sets of integers

本文研究了有限整数集的和集大小序列的反问题，探讨了不同集之间的关系及增长速率。

On sets of integers not containing long arithmetic progressions

We construct subsets of {1,...,N} of cardinality at least N exp(-C(log N)^{1/(k+1)}) which do not contain arithmetic progressions of length 2^k+1. This extends a result of Behrend (1946) concerning sets which do not contain aritmetic progressions of length 3.

On the size of $k$-fold sum and product sets of integers

We prove the following theorem: for all positive integers $b$ there exists a positive integer $k$, such that for every finite set $A$ of integers with cardinality $|A| > 1$, we have either $$ |A + ... + A| \geq |A|^b$$ or $$ |A \cdot ... \cdot A| \geq |A|^b$$ where $A + ... + A$ and $A \cdot ... \cdot A$ are the collections of $k$-fold sums and products of elements of $A$ respectively. This is progress towards a conjecture of Erdös and Szemerédi on sum and product sets.

Partitions of finite nonnegative integer sets with identical representation functions

Let $\mathbb{N}$ be the set of all nonnegative integers. For $S\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ and $n\in \mathbb{N}$, let the representation function $R_{S}(n)$ denote the number of solutions of the equation $n=s+s'$ with $s, s'\in S$ and $s<s'$. In this paper, we determine the structure of $C, D\subseteq \mathbb{N}$ with $C\cup D=[0, m]$ and $|C\cap D|=2$ such that $R_{C}(n)=R_{D}(n)$ for any nonnegative integer $n$.

Sets of recurrence as bases for the positive integers

We study sets of the form $A = \big\{ n \in \mathbb N \big| \lVert p(n) \rVert_{\mathbb R / \mathbb Z} \leq \varepsilon(n) \big\}$ for various real valued polynomials $p$ and decay rates $\varepsilon$. In particular, we ask when such sets are bases of finite order for the positive integers. We show that generically, $A$ is a basis of order $2$ when $\operatorname{deg} p \geq 3$, but not when $\operatorname{deg} p = 2$, although then $A + A$ still has asymptotic density $1$.

Sets of integers that do not contain Hilbert cubes of dimension 3

We construct a set of positive integers A in {1,.., n} with |A|>> n^{2/3} that does not contain Hilbert cubes of dimension 3.

The least common multiple of random sets of positive integers

We study the typical behavior of the least common multiple of the elements of a random subset $A\subset \{1,\dots, n\}$. For example we prove that $\text{lcm}\{a:\ a\in A\}=2^{n(1+o(1))}$ for almost all subsets $A\subset\{1,\dots,n\}$.

Binary linear forms over finite sets of integers

Let A be a finite set of integers. For a polynomial f(x_1,...,x_n) with integer coefficients, let f(A) = {f(a_1,...,a_n) : a_1,...,a_n \in A}. In this paper it is proved that for every pair of normalized binary linear forms f(x,y)=u_1x+v_1y and g(x,y)=u_2x+v_2y with integral coefficients, there exist arbitrarily large finite sets of integers A and B such that |f(A)| > |g(A)| and |f(B)| < |g(B)|.

在整数Cantor集上证明Szemerédi定理

Szemerédi's Theorem Along Cantor Sets of Integers

该研究在整数Cantor集上扩展了Szemerédi定理，证明了正上Banach密度子集包含特定等差数列的结论。

关于将大偶数表示为正密度集合中八个素数之和

On the representation of large even integers as the sum of eight primes from positive density sets

本文证明若素数子集 A 在素数中的下密度大于 1/2，则每个充分大的偶数均可表示为 A 中八个素数之和，且常数 1/2 是最佳的。

Representations of integers by certain $2k$-ary quadratic forms

Suppose $k$ is a positive integer. In this work, we establish formulas for for the number of representations of integers by the quadratic forms $$ x_{1}^{2}+\cdots+x_{k}^{2}+l\left(x_{k+1}^{2}+\cdots+x_{2k}^{2}\right) $$ for $l\in\{2,4\}$.

特定代数整数一致集合的算术独立性

Arithmetical independence of certain uniform sets of algebraic integers

本研究针对四组次数≤3的代数整数集合，证明其具备几乎一致性与算术独立性特征，并明确了这些集合生成的代数数域对二次、三次域的覆盖程度。

On additive and multiplicative decompositions of sets of integers with restricted prime factors, I. (Smooth numbers.)

In [10] the third author of this paper presented two conjectures on the additive decomposability of the sequence of ''smooth'' (or ''friable'') numbers. Elsholtz and Harper [4] proved (by using sieve methods) the second (less demanding) conjecture. The goal of this paper is to extend and sharpen their result in three directions by using a different approach (based on the theory of $S$-unit equations).

Sums of Finite Sets of Integers, II

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a finite set of integers, and let $h\mathcal{A}$ denote the $h$-fold sumset of $\mathcal{A}$. Let $(h\mathcal{A})^{(t)}$ be subset of $h\mathcal{A}$ consisting of all integers that have at least $t$ representations as a sum of $h$ elements of $\mathcal{A}$. The structure of the set $(h\mathcal{A})^{(t)}$ is completely determined for all $h \geq h_t$.

通过三角级数的$L^1$估计构造整数集的大无和子集

Large sum-free subsets of sets of integers via $L^1$-estimates for trigonometric series

针对Erdős提出的加法组合学长期问题，通过三角级数的$L^1$估计证明：任意$n$元整数集含大小至少为$n/3+c\boldsymbol{\text{log log}}n$的无和子集，解决了该领域经典难题。

On additive and multiplicative decompositions of sets of integers with restricted prime factors, II. (Smooth numbers and generalizations.)

In part I of this paper we studied additive decomposability of the set $\F_y$ of th $y$-smooth numbers and the multiplicative decomposability of the shifted set $\g_y=\F_y+\{1\}$. In this paper, focusing on the case of 'large' functions $y$, we continue the study of these problems. Further, we also investigate a problem related to the m-decomposability of $k$-term sumsets, for arbitrary $k$.

Representations of integers by certain positive definite binary quadratic forms

We prove part of a conjecture of Borwein and Choi concerning an estimate on the square of the number of solutions to n=x^2+Ny^2 for a squarefree integer N.

On natural densities of sets of some type integers

Let $a_0=b_0=0$ and $0<a_1\leq b_1<a_2\leq b_2<\ldots\leq b_{n}$ be integers. Let $Q\left(x;\bigcup_{j=1}^{n}[a_j,b_j]\right)$ be the number of integers between $1$ and $x$ such that all exponents in their prime factorization are in $\bigcup_{j=1}^{n}[a_j,b_j]$. The following formula holds: $$\lim_{x\to\infty}{\frac{Q\left(x;\bigcup_{j=1}^{n}[a_j,b_j]\right)}{x}}=\prod\limits_{p}\sum\limits_{i=0}^{n}\left(\frac{1}{p^{a_{i}}}-\frac{1}{p^{b_{i}+1}}\right).$$ In this paper, we prove this result and then generalize it.

Remarks on polynomial parametrization of sets of integer points

If, for a subset S of Z^k, we compare the conditions of being parametrizable (a) by a single k-tuple of polynomials with integer coefficients, (b) by a single k-tuple of integer-valued polynomials and, (c) by finitely many k-tuples of polynomials with integer coefficients (variables ranging through the integers in each case) then (a) implies (b) (obviously), (b) implies (c), and neither converse holds. Condition (b) is equivalent to the set S being the set of integer values taken by some k-tuple of polynomials with rational coefficients as the variables range through the integers. We also show…

The number of rational numbers determined by large sets of integers

When $A$ and $B$ are subsets of the integers in $[1,X]$ and $[1,Y]$ respectively, with $|A| \geq αX$ and $|B| \geq βX$, we show that the number of rational numbers expressible as $a/b$ with $(a,b)$ in $A \times B$ is $\gg (αβ)^{1+ε}XY$ for any $ε> 0$, where the implied constant depends on $ε$ alone. We then construct examples that show that this bound cannot in general be improved to $\gg αβXY$. We also resolve the natural generalisation of our problem to arbitrary subsets $C$ of the integer points in $[1,X] \times [1,Y]$. Finally, we apply our results to answer a question of Sárközy concernin…

整数中正密度集合的和集反推定理

An inverse theorem for sumsets of sets of positive density in the integers

本文研究了正密度集合A,B满足d(A+B)=d(A)+d(B)的条件，给出了Kneser和集不等式的新反推定理，并回答了Erdős和Graham的长期问题。

On the integer part of the reciprocal of the Riemann zeta function tail at certain rational numbers in the critical strip

We prove that the integer part of the reciprocal of the tail of $ζ(s)$ at a rational number $s=\frac{1}{p}$ for any integer with $p \geq 5$ or $s=\frac{2}{p}$ for any odd integer with $p \geq 5$ can be described essentially as the integer part of an explicit quantity corresponding to it. To deal with the case when $s=\frac{2}{p},$ we use a result on the finiteness of integral points of certain curves over $\mathbb{Q}$.

On the density or measure of sets and their sumsets in the integers or the circle

Let $\mathrm{d}(A)$ be the asymptotic density (if it exists) of a sequence of integers $A$. For any real numbers $0\leqα\leqβ\leq 1$, we solve the question of the existence of a sequence $A$ of positive integers such that $\mathrm{d}(A)=α$ and $\mathrm{d}(A+A)=β$. More generally we study the set of $k$-tuples $(\mathrm{d}(iA))_{1\leq i\leq k}$ for $A\subset \mathbb{N}$. This leads us to introduce subsets defined by diophantine constraints inside a random set of integers known as the set of ``pseudo $s$th powers''. We consider similar problems for subsets of the circle $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$, …

On certain sums concerning the gcd's and lcm's of $k$ positive integers

We use elementary arguments to prove results on the order of magnitude of certain sums concerning the gcd's and lcm's of $k$ positive integers, where $k\ge 2$ is fixed. We refine and generalize an asymptotic formula of Bordellès (2007), and extend certain related results of Hilberdink and Tóth (2016). We also formulate some conjectures and open problems.

On Bohr sets of integer valued traceless matrices

In this paper we show that any Bohr-zero non-periodic set $B$ of traceless integer valued matrices, denoted by $Λ$, intersects non-trivially the conjugacy class of any matrix from $Λ$. As a corollary, we obtain that the family of characteristic polynomials of $B$ contains all characteristic polynomials of matrices from $Λ$. The main ingredient used in this paper is an equidistribution result for an $SL_d(\mathbf{Z})$ random walk on a finite-dimensional torus deduced from Bourgain-Furman-Lindenstrauss-Mozes work.

Poisson spacing statistics for value sets of polynomials

If f is a polynomial with integer coefficients and q is an integer, we may regard f as a map from Z/qZ to Z/qZ. We show that the distribution of the (normalized) spacings between consecutive elements in the image of these maps becomes Poissonian as q tends to infinity along any sequence of square free integers such that the mean spacing modulo q tends to infinity.

上三角整数矩阵的Jordan丢番图集的基数

Cardinalities of Jordan Diophantine sets of upper triangular integer matrices

该研究确定了上三角整数矩阵环中Jordan D(N)-集存在无限集的N的条件，明确了有限集的最大基数，还给出了两类特殊无限集存在的充要条件。

On arithmetic progressions in nullspaces of integer matrices

Inspired by the Erdös-Turan conjecture we consider subsets of the natural numbers that contains infinitely many aritmetic progressions (APs) of any given length - such sets will be called AP-sets and we know due to the Green-Tao Theorem and Sźmeredis Theorem that the primes and all subsets of positive upper density are AP-sets. We prove that (1, 1,..., 1) is a solution to the equation Mx = 0 where M is an integer matrix whose null space has dimension at least 2, if and only if the equation has infinitely many solutions such that the coordinates of each solution are elements in the same AP. Thi…

与正则除数系和任意正整数集相关的广义分圆多项式

Generalized cyclotomic polynomials associated with regular systems of divisors and arbitrary sets of positive integers

本文引入与正则除数系和任意正整数集相关的广义分圆多项式，证明其具有整数系数并可分解为经典分圆多项式的乘积，同时给出新的 Menon 型恒等式。

On a class of arithmetic convolutions involving arbitrary sets of integers

Let $d,n$ be positive integers and $S$ be an arbitrary set of positive integers. We say that $d$ is an $S$-divisor of $n$ if $d|n$ and gcd $(d,n/d)\in S$. Consider the $S$-convolution of arithmetical functions given by (1.1), where the sum is extended over the $S$-divisors of $n$. We determine the sets $S$ such that the $S$-convolution is associative and preserves the multiplicativity of functions, respectively, and discuss other basic properties of it. We give asymptotic formulae with error terms for the functions $σ_S(n)$ and $τ_S(n)$, representing the sum and the number of $S$-divisors of $…

On strong infinite Sidon and $B_h$ sets and random sets of integers

A set of integers $S \subset \mathbb{N}$ is an $α$-strong Sidon set if the pairwise sums of its elements are far apart by a certain measure depending on $α$, more specifically if $| (x+w) - (y+z) | \geq \max \{ x^α,y^α,z^α,w^α\}$ for every $x,y,z,w \in S$ satisfying $\max \{x,w\} \neq \max \{y,z\}$. We obtain a new lower bound for the growth of $α$-strong infinite Sidon sets when $0 \leq α< 1$. We also further extend that notion in a natural way by obtaining the first non-trivial bound for $α$-strong infinite $B_h$ sets. In both cases, we study the implications of these bounds for the density …

关于整数距离集

On integer distance sets

提出新方法解决整数距离集经典问题，得出平面整数距离集的稀疏性或近共线/圆结构结论，进而推导出非共线集直径的近最优下界与特定限制下整数距离集大小的强上界。

整数剩余类环上非置换多项式的值集

Value sets of non-permutation polynomials over the residue class rings of integers

本文研究整数剩余类环上非置换多项式的值集大小，给出素数幂情形下的上界并证明其可达性，进而推广到任意正整数模数。

On $B_{h}[1]$-sets which are asymptotic bases of order $2h$

Let $h,k \ge 2$ be integers. A set $A$ of positive integers is called asymptotic basis of order $k$ if every large enough positive integer can be written as the sum of $k$ terms from $A$. A set of positive integers $A$ is said to be a $B_{h}[g]$-set if every positive integer can be written as the sum of $h$ terms from $A$ at most $g$ different ways. In this paper we prove the existence of $B_{h}[1]$ sets which are asymptotic bases of order $2h$ by using probabilistic methods.

关于具有整数系数的多变量超越解析函数的例外集

On the Exceptional Sets of Transcendental Analytic Functions in Several Variables with Integer Coefficients

本文将Marques和Moreira关于单变量整数系数超越解析函数例外集的定理推广到多变量情形，证明单位多圆盘内满足共轭封闭且含零向量的代数数点集均为不可数多个此类函数的例外集。

Sets Arising as Minimal Additive Complements in the Integers

A subset $C$ of an abelian group $G$ is a minimal additive complement to $W \subseteq G$ if $C + W = G$ and if $C' + W \neq G$ for any proper subset $C' \subset C$. In this paper, we study which sets of integers arise as minimal additive complements. We confirm a conjecture of Kwon, showing that bounded-below sets with arbitrarily large gaps arise as minimal additive complements. Moreover, our construction shows that any such set belongs to a co-minimal pair, strengthening a result of Biswas and Saha for lacunary sequences. We bound the upper and lower Banach density of syndetic sets that aris…

On a conjecture of Erdős about sets without $k$ pairwise coprime integers

Let $\mathbb{Z}^{+}$ be the set of positive integers. Let $C_{k}$ denote all subsets of $\mathbb{Z}^{+}$ such that neither of them contains $k + 1$ pairwise coprime integers and $C_k(n)=C_k\cap \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. Let $f(n, k) = \text{max}_{A \in C_{k}(n)}|A|$, where $|A|$ denotes the number of elements of the set $A$. Let $E_k(n)$ be the set of positive integers not exceeding $n$ which are divisible by at least one of the primes $p_{1}, \dots{}, p_{k}$, where $p_{i}$ denote the $i$th prime number. In 1962, Erdős conjectured that $f(n, k) = |E(n,k)|$ for every $n \ge p_{k}$. Recently Chen and Z…