We establish the existence of local stable manifolds for semiflows generated by nonlinear perturbations of nonautonomous ordinary linear differential equations in Banach spaces, assuming the existence of a general type of nonuniform dichotomy for the evolution operator that contains the nonuniform exponential and polynomial dichotomies as a very particular case. The family of dichotomies considered allow situations for which the classical Lyapunov exponents are zero. Additionally, we give new examples of application of our stable manifold theorem and study the behavior of the dynamics under perturbations.
We obtain a local stable manifold theorem for perturbations of nonautonomous linear difference equations possessing a very general type of nonuniform dichotomy, possibly with different growth rates in the uniform and nonuniform parts. We note that we consider situations were the classical Lyapunov exponents can be zero. Additionally, we study how the manifolds decay along the orbit of a point as well as the behavior under perturbations and give examples of nonautonomous linear difference equations that admit the dichotomies considered.
We obtain characterizations of nonuniform dichotomies, defined by general growth rates, based on admissibility conditions. Additionally, we use the obtained characterizations to derive robustness results for the considered dichotomies. As particular cases, we recover several results in the literature concerning nonuniform exponential dichotomies and nonuniform polynomial dichotomies as well as new results for nonuniform dichotomies with logarithmic growth.
For linear stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with bounded coefficients, we establish the robustness of nonuniform mean-square exponential dichotomy (NMS-ED) on $[t_{0},+\oo)$, $(-\oo,t_{0}]$ and the whole $\R$ separately, in the sense that such an NMS-ED persists under a sufficiently small linear perturbation. The result for the nonuniform mean-square exponential contraction (NMS-EC) is also discussed. Moreover, in the process of proving the existence of NMS-ED, we use the observation that the projections of the "exponential growing solutions" and the "exponential decaying solutions" on…
Assuming the existence of a general nonuniform dichotomy for the evolution operator of a non-autonomous ordinary linear differential equation in a Banach space, we establish the existence of invariant stable manifolds for the semiflow generated by sufficiently small nonlinear perturbations of the linear equation. The family of dichotomies considered satisfies a general growth rate given by some increasing differentiable function, allows situations for which the classical Lyapunov exponents are zero, and contains the nonuniform exponential dichotomies as a very particular case. In addition we a…
In this paper, the existence conditions of nonuniform mean-square exponential dichotomy (NMS-ED) for a linear stochastic differential equation (SDE) are established. The difference of the conditions for the existence of a nonuniform dichotomy between an SDE and an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is that the first one needs an additional assumption, nonuniform Lyapunov matrix, to guarantee that the linear SDE can be transformed into a decoupled one, while the second does not. Therefore, the first main novelty of our work is that we establish some preliminary results to tackle the stochasti…
For a general one-sided nonautonomous dynamics defined by a sequence of linear operators, we consider the notion of a polynomial dichotomy with respect to a sequence of norms and we characterize it completely in terms of the admissibility of bounded solutions. As a nontrivial application, we establish the robustness of the notion of a nonuniform polynomial dichotomy.
For an arbitrary evolution family, we consider the notion of a polynomial dichotomy with respect to a family of norms and characterize it in terms of the admissibility property, that is, the existence of a unique bounded solution for each bounded perturbation. In particular, by considering a family of Lyapunov norms, we recover the notion of a (strong) nonuniform polynomial dichotomy. As a nontrivial application of the characterization, we establish the robustness of the notion of a strong nonuniform polynomial dichotomy under sufficiently small linear perturbations.
In this paper, a new notion called the general nonuniform $(h,k,μ,ν)$-dichotomy for a sequence of linear operators is proposed, which occurs in a more natural way and is related to nonuniform hyperbolicity. Then, sufficient criteria are established for the existence of nonuniform $(h,k,μ,ν)$-dichotomy in terms of appropriate Lyapunov exponents for the sequence of linear operators. Moreover, we investigate the stability theory of sequences of non uniformly hyperbolic linear operators in Banach spaces, which admit a nonuniform $(h,k,μ,ν)$-dichotomy. In the case of linear perturbations, we invest…
In this work we study nonuniform exponential dichotomies and existence of pullback and forward attractors for evolution processes associated to nonautonomous differential equations. We define a new concept of nonuniform exponential dichotomy, for which we provide several examples, study the relation with the standard notion, and establish a robustness under perturbations. We provide a dynamical interpretation of admissibility pairs related with exponential dichotomies to obtain existence of pullback and forward attractors. We apply these abstract results for ordinary and parabolic differential…
We prove the existence of measurable invariant manifolds for small perturbations of linear Random Dynamical Systems evolving on a Banach space and admitting a general type of dichotomy, both for continuous and discrete time. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior in the invariant manifold is similar to the one of the linear Random Dynamical System.
We give necessary integral conditions and sufficient ones for the existence of a general concept of $μ$-dichotomy for evolution operators defined on the half-line which includes as particular cases the well-known concepts of nonuniform exponential dichotomy and nonuniform polynomial dichotomy, and also contains new situations. Additionally, we consider an adapted notion of Lyapunov function and use our results to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of nonuniform $μ$-dichotomies using these Lyapunov functions.
A linear system of difference equations and a nonlinear perturbation are considered. We propose sufficient conditions to ensure that the homeomorphism of topological equivalence between them is actually a $C^1$ diffeomorphism. These conditions consider that the linear part satisfies a dichotomy on the positive half-line, while the perturbation satisfies boundness and Lipschitzness conditions, and anothers that are tailored for our goal. The family of dichotomies that we study consider (but are not limited to) the exponential and nonuniform exponential dichotomies. We discuss the possibility of…
In this paper, we study stability properties of nonuniform hyperbolicity for evolution processes associated with differential equations in Banach spaces. We prove a robustness result of nonuniform hyperbolicity for linear evolution processes, that is, we show that the property of admitting a nonuniform exponential dichotomy is stable under perturbation. Moreover, we provide conditions to obtain uniqueness and continuous dependence of projections associated with nonuniform exponential dichotomies. We also present an example of evolution process in a Banach space that admits nonuniform exponenti…
We study the relation between the exponential growth rate of volume in a pinched negatively curved manifold and the critical exponent of its lattices. These objects have a long and interesting story and are closely related to the geometry and the dynamical properties of the geodesic flow of the manifold .
We obtain global and local theorems on the existence of invariant manifolds for perturbations of non autonomous linear difference equations assuming a very general form of dichotomic behavior for the linear equation. The results obtained include situations where the behavior is far from hyperbolic. We also give several new examples and show that our result includes as particular cases several previous theorems.
We obtain global and local theorems on the existence of invariant manifolds for perturbations of non autonomous linear differential equations assuming a very general form of dichotomic behavior for the linear equation. Besides some new situations that are far from the hyperbolic setting, our results include, and sometimes improve, some known stable manifold theorems.
We study generic volume-preserving diffeomorphisms on compact manifolds. We show that the following property holds generically in the $C^1$ topology: Either there is at least one zero Lyapunov exponent at almost every point, or the set of points with only non-zero exponents forms an ergodic component. Moreover, if this nonuniformly hyperbolic component has positive measure then it is essentially dense in the manifold (that is, it has a positive measure intersection with any nonempty open set) and there is a global dominated splitting. For the proof we establish some new properties of independe…
It is well-known that stable and unstable manifolds strongly influence fluid motion in unsteady flows. These emanate from hyperbolic trajectories, with the structures moving nonautonomously in time. The local directions of emanation at each instance in time is the focus of this article. Within a nearly autonomous setting, it is shown that these time-varying directions can be characterised through the accumulated effect of velocity shear. Connections to Oseledets spaces and projection operators in exponential dichotomies are established. Availability of data for both infinite and finite time-in…
We consider an ergodic invariant measure $μ$ for a smooth action of $Z^k$, $k \ge 2$, on a $(k+1)$-dimensional manifold or for a locally free smooth action of $R^k$, $k \ge 2$ on a $(2k+1)$-dimensional manifold. We prove that if $μ$ is hyperbolic with the Lyapunov hyperplanes in general position and if one element of the action has positive entropy, then $μ$ is absolutely continuous. The main ingredient is absolute continuity of conditional measures on Lyapunov foliations which holds for a more general class of smooth actions of higher rank abelian groups.
We establish a precise asymptotic formula for the number of homotopy classes of periodic orbits for the geodesic flow on rank one manifolds of nonpositive curvature. This extends a celebrated result of G. A. Margulis to the nonuniformly hyperbolic case and strengthens previous results by G. Knieper. We also establish some useful properties of the measure of maximal entropy.
