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arXiv 1007.4691astro-ph.GA
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在太阳质量原恒星IRAS16293-2422中首次探测到ND

First detection of ND in the solar-mass protostar IRAS16293-2422

A. Bacmann, E. Caux, P. Hily-Blant, B. Parise, L. Pagani, S. Bottinelli, S. Maret, C. Vastel, C. Ceccarelli, J. Cernicharo, T. Henning, A. Castets, A. Coutens, … 展开作者

A. Bacmann, E. Caux, P. Hily-Blant, B. Parise, L. Pagani, S. Bottinelli, S. Maret, C. Vastel, C. Ceccarelli, J. Cernicharo, T. Henning, A. Castets, A. Coutens, E. A. Bergin, G. A. Blake, N. Crimier, K. Demyk, C. Dominik, M. Gerin, P. Hennebelle, C. Kahane, A. Klotz, G. Melnick, P. Schilke, V. Wakelam, A. Walters, A. Baudry, T. Bell, M. Benedettini, A. Boogert, S. Cabrit, P. Caselli, C. Codella, C. Comito, P. Encrenaz, E. Falgarone, A. Fuente, P. F. Goldsmith, F. Helmich, E. Herbst, T. Jacq, M. Kama, W. Langer, B. Lefloch, D. Lis, S. Lord, A. Lorenzani, D. Neufeld, B. Nisini, S. Pacheco, J. Pearson, T. Phillips, M. Salez, P. Saraceno, K. Schuster, A. G. G. M. Tielens, F. F. S. van der Tak, M. H. D. van der Wiel, S. Viti, F. Wyrowski, H. Yorke, A. Faure, A. Benz, O. Coeur-Joly, A. Cros, R. Guesten, L. Ravera

摘要:

在过去的十年中,已经取得了很大的进展,在表征的过程中,导致增强氘分馏观察到的ISM,特别是在寒冷,致密的部分恒星形成的地区,如原恒星的信封。对于饱和的分子和离子,已经发现非常高的分子D/H比。然而,人们对自由基中的氘分馏知之甚少,尽管简单的自由基通常代表了形成更复杂的饱和分子的中间阶段。亚胺基NH是气相氨合成的中间体。Herschel/HIFI代表了一个独特的机会来研究这些物种的氘化和形成机制,这些物种是无法从地面观察到的。我们在这里寻找氘代自由基ND,以确定氘分馏亚胺和约束该物种的氘化机制。我们观察了太阳质量0级原恒星IRAS 16293 -2422与外差仪器HIFI的赫歇尔关键计划CHESS(化学赫歇尔恒星形成区调查)的一部分。氘代形式的亚氨根自由基ND被检测到,并安全地确定与2超精细组件组的基本过渡吸收对连续背景发出的新生的原恒星。在吸收过程中还检测到氢化物NH的3组超精细组分。我们得到了一个非常高的氘分馏与[ND]/[NH]的比例在30和100%之间。亚胺基的氘分馏与其他分子中的氘分馏具有相同的数量级,这表明有效的氘分馏机制在起作用。我们讨论了ND的两种可能的形成途径,无论是通过反应的N+与HD,或氘/质子交换与NH。

英文摘要:

In the past decade, much progress has been made in characterising the processes leading to the enhanced deuterium fractionation observed in the ISM and in particular in the cold, dense parts of star forming regions such as protostellar envelopes. Very high molecular D/H ratios have been found for saturated molecules and ions. However, little is known about the deuterium fractionation in radicals, even though simple radicals often represent an intermediate stage in the formation of more complex, saturated molecules. The imidogen radical NH is such an intermediate species for the ammonia synthesis in the gas phase. Herschel/HIFI represents a unique opportunity to study the deuteration and formation mechanisms of such species, which are not observable from the ground. We searched here for the deuterated radical ND in order to determine the deuterium fractionation of imidogen and constrain the deuteration mechanism of this species. We observed the solar-mass Class 0 protostar IRAS16293-2422 with the heterodyne instrument HIFI as part of the Herschel key programme CHESS (Chemical HErschel Surveys of Star forming regions). The deuterated form of the imidogen radical ND was detected and securely identified with 2 hyperfine component groups of its fundamental transition in absorption against the continuum background emitted from the nascent protostar. The 3 groups of hyperfine components of its hydrogenated counterpart NH were also detected in absorption. We derive a very high deuterium fractionation with an [ND]/[NH] ratio of between 30 and 100%. The deuterium fractionation of imidogen is of the same order of magnitude as that in other molecules, which suggests that an efficient deuterium fractionation mechanism is at play. We discuss two possible formation pathways for ND, by means of either the reaction of N+ with HD, or deuteron/proton exchange with NH.

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