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arXiv 2103.07958astro-ph.GA
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嵌入大质量原恒星的K波段高分辨光谱学

K-band High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Embedded Massive Protostars

Tien-Hao Hsieh, Michihiro Takami, Michael S. Connelley, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Yu-Nung Su, Naomi Hirano, Motohide Tamura, Masaaki Otsuka, Jennifer L. Karr, Tae-Soo Pyo

摘要:

大质量恒星形成中的一个经典悖论是,强大的辐射压可以阻止吸积,从而阻止中心恒星的进一步生长。已经有人提出用吸积盘来解决这个问题,但是人们对高质量恒星形成过程中的吸积盘和吸积过程知之甚少。我们在$K$ -波段对11颗高质量原恒星进行了高分辨率($R$ = 35,000 - 70,000)iSHELL光谱分析。Br-$γ$辐射被观测到朝向八个源,并且这些源中的大多数的线轮廓与低质量PMS星的线轮廓相似。利用Br- $γ$和吸积光度之间的经验关系,我们初步估计了盘吸积率的范围为$\lesssim$ 10 $^{-8}$和$\sim$ 10 $^{-4}$ $M_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$ .这些低质量的吸积率表明,高质量的原恒星获得更多的质量,通过情节吸积提出的低质量的原恒星。鉴于检测限,CO泛音发射($v$ =2-0和3-1),可能与内部磁盘区域($r \ll 100$ au),被发现对两个来源。与Br-$γ$发射相比,这种低检测率与以前的观察结果一致。11个源中的10个显示在$v$ =0-2 ${\rm R(7)-R(14)}$ CO R-分支处的吸收。它们中的大多数是蓝移或红移,这表明吸收与流出或流入的速度高达$\sim50$ km s $^{-1}$。我们的分析表明,吸收层是很好的热化(因此$n_{\mathrm H_2} \gtrsim 10^6$ cm $^{-3}$)在一个单一的温度通常为100-200 K,并位于200-600 au的恒星。

英文摘要:

A classical paradox in high-mass star formation is that powerful radiation pressure can halt accretion, preventing further growth of a central star. Disk accretion has been proposed to solve this problem, but the disks and the accretion process in high-mass star formation are poorly understood. We executed high-resolution ($R$=35,000-70,000) iSHELL spectroscopy in $K$-band for eleven high-mass protostars. Br-$γ$ emission was observed toward eight sources, and the line profiles for most of these sources are similar to those of low-mass PMS stars. Using an empirical relationship between the Br-$γ$ and accretion luminosities, we tentatively estimate disk accretion rates ranging from $\lesssim$10$^{-8}$ and $\sim$10$^{-4}$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. These low-mass-accretion rates suggest that high-mass protostars gain more mass via episodic accretion as proposed for low-mass protostars. Given the detection limits, CO overtone emission ($v$=2-0 and 3-1), likely associated with the inner disk region ($r \ll 100$ au), was found towards two sources. This low-detection rate compared with Br-$γ$ emission is consistent with previous observations. Ten out of the eleven sources show absorption at the $v$=0-2 ${\rm R(7)-R(14)}$ CO R-branch. Most of them are either blueshifted or redshifted, indicating that the absorption is associated with an outflow or an inflow with a velocity of up to $\sim50$ km s$^{-1}$. Our analysis indicates that the absorption layer is well thermalized (and therefore $n_{\mathrm H_2} \gtrsim 10^6$ cm$^{-3}$) at a single temperature of typically 100-200 K, and located within 200-600 au of the star.

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