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arXiv 1003.4900astro-ph.GA
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年轻星团中的恒星形成气体

Star-forming gas in young clusters

Philip C. Myers

摘要:

初始条件的恒星形成在集群中估计的原恒星的质量遵循初始质量函数(IMF)从0.05到10太阳质量。由于气体扩散受恒星反馈主导,恒星形成的坠落被认为同样有可能随时停止。对于球形下落,典型的初始凝结必须有一个陡峭的密度梯度,如在低质量的核心,周围的梯度较浅,如在核心周围的团块。这些属性匹配观察到的柱密度在集群形成的地区时,平均下落停止时间为0.05万年和吸积效率为0.5。坍缩持续时间随着最终原恒星质量的增加而增加,从0.01百万年增加到0.3百万年,质量吸积速率从3 x 10^(-6)太阳质量/年增加到300 x 10^(-6)太阳质量/年。典型的球形吸积光度是~5个太阳光度,将光度问题减少到~3倍。初始凝聚密度梯度在半径为0.04 pc处由陡变浅,包围0.9个太阳质量,平均柱密度为2 x 10^(22)cm^(-2),有效中心温度为16 K。这些初始条件比孤立恒星形成的条件更致密、更温暖。

英文摘要:

Initial conditions for star formation in clusters are estimated for protostars whose masses follow the initial mass function (IMF) from 0.05 to 10 solar masses. Star-forming infall is assumed equally likely to stop at any moment, due to gas dispersal dominated by stellar feedback. For spherical infall, the typical initial condensation must have a steep density gradient, as in low-mass cores, surrounded by a shallower gradient, as in the clumps around cores. These properties match observed column densities in cluster-forming regions when the mean infall stopping time is 0.05 Myr and the accretion efficiency is 0.5. The infall duration increases with final protostar mass, from 0.01 to 0.3 Myr, and the mass accretion rate increases from 3 to 300 x 10^(-6) solar masses/yr. The typical spherical accretion luminosity is ~5 solar luminosities, reducing the luminosity problem to a factor ~3. The initial condensation density gradient changes from steep to shallow at radius 0.04 pc, enclosing 0.9 solar masses, with mean column density 2 x 10^(22) cm^(-2), and with effective central temperature 16 K. These initial conditions are denser and warmer than those for isolated star formation.

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