We present a description of entanglement in composite quantum systems in terms of symplectic geometry. We provide a symplectic characterization of sets of equally entangled states as orbits of group actions in the space of states. In particular, using Kostant-Sternberg theorem, we show that separable states form a unique Kaehler orbit, whereas orbits of entanglement states are characterized by different degrees of degeneracy of the canonical symplectic form on the complex projective space. The degree of degeneracy may be thus used as a new geometric measure of entanglement and we show how to calculate it for various multiparticle systems providing also simple criteria of separability. The presented method is general and can be applied also under different additional symmetry conditions stemming, eg. from the indistinguishability of particles.
A hierarchy of multimode uncertainty relations on the second moments of n pairs of canonical operators is derived in terms of quantities invariant under linear canonical (i.e. symplectic) transformations. Conditions for the separability of multimode continuous variable states are derived from the uncertainty relations, generalizing the inequalities obtained in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110402 (2006)] to states with some transposed symplectic eigenvalues equal to 1. Finally, to illustrate the methodology proposed for the detection of continuous variable entanglement, the separability of multimode n…
This book is devoted to review two of the most relevant approaches to the study of classical field theories of first order, say k-symplectic and k-cosymplectic. In the last part, we relate the k-symplectic and k-cosymplectic manifolds with the multisymplectic theory.
We discuss a quantum counterpart, in the sense of the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization, of certain constraints on Poisson brackets coming from "hard" symplectic geometry. It turns out that they can be interpreted in terms of the quantum noise of observables and their joint measurements in operational quantum mechanics. Our findings include various geometric mechanisms of quantum noise production and a noise-localization uncertainty relation. The methods involve Floer theory and Poisson bracket invariants originated in function theory on symplectic manifolds.
Using an imbedding supported background tensor approach for the differential geometry of an imbedded surface in an arbitrary background, we show that the topological terms associated with the inner and outer curvature scalars of the string worldsheet, have a dramatic effect on the global symplectic geometry of the phase space of the theory. By identifying the global symplectic potential of each Lagrangian term in the string action as the argument of the corresponding pure divergence term in a variational principle, we show that those topological terms contribute explicitly to the symplectic po…
Multisymplectic geometry is a generalization of symplectic geometry suitable for n-dimensional field theories, in which the nondegenerate 2-form of symplectic geometry is replaced by a nondegenerate (n+1)-form. The case n = 2 is relevant to string theory: we call this 2-plectic geometry. Just as the Poisson bracket makes the smooth functions on a symplectic manifold into a Lie algebra, the observables associated to a 2-plectic manifold form a "Lie 2-algebra", which is a categorified version of a Lie algebra. Any compact simple Lie group G has a canonical 2-plectic structure, so it is natural t…
We show that the Witten covariant phase space for p-branes with thickness in an arbitrary background is endowed of a symplectic potential, which although is not important to the dynamics of the system, plays a relevant role on the phase space, allowing us to generate a symplectic structure for the theory and therefore give a covariant description of canonical formalism for quantization.
We establish the theory of Berezin-Toeplitz quantization on symplectic manifolds of bounded geometry. The quantum space of this quantization is the spectral subspace of the renormalized Bochner Laplacian associated with some interval near zero. We show that this quantization has the correct semiclassical limit.
Symplectic spinors form an infinite-rank vector bundle. Dirac operators on this bundle were constructed recently by K.~Habermann. Here we study the spectral geometry aspects of these operators. In particular, we define the associated distance function and compute the heat trace asymptotics.
Let Bun_G be the moduli space of G-bundles on a smooth complex projective curve. Motivated by a study of boundary conditions in mirror symmetry, D. Gaiotto associated to any symplectic representation of G a Lagrangian subvariety of the cotangent bundle of Bun_G. We give a simple interpretation of (a generalization of) Gaiotto's construction in terms of derived symplectic geometry. This allows to consider a more general setting where symplectic G-representations are replaced by arbitrary symplectic manifolds equipped with a Hamiltonian G-action and with an action of the multiplicative group tha…
We review some recent results on random polynomials and their generalizations in complex and symplectic geometry. The main theme is the universality of statistics of zeros and critical points of (generalized) polynomials of degree $N$ on length scales of order $\frac{D}{\sqrt{N}}$ (complex case), resp. $\frac{D}{N}$ (real case).
A positive definite symmetric matrix σ qualifies as a quantum mechanical covariance matrix if and only if σ+(1/2)i\hbarΩ\geq0 where Ω is the standard symplectic matrix. This well-known condition is a strong version of the uncertainty principle, which can be reinterpreted in terms of the topological notion of symplectic capacity, closely related to Gromov's non-squeezing theorem. We show that a recent refinement of the latter leads to a new class of geometric invariants. These are the volumes of the orthogonal projections of the covariance ellipsoid on symplectic subspaces of the phase space. W…
We associate curves of isotropic, Lagrangian and coisotropic subspaces to higher order, one parameter variational problems. Minimality and conjugacy properties of extremals are described in terms of these curves.
In the past decade there has been a flurry of activity at the intersection of spectral theory and symplectic geometry. In this paper we review recent results on semiclassical spectral theory for commuting Berezin-Toeplitz and h-pseudodifferential operators. The paper emphasizes the interplay between spectral theory of operators (quantum theory) and symplectic geometry of Hamiltonians (classical theory), with an eye towards recent developments on the geometry of finite dimensional integrable systems.
In this article we study Ammann tilings from the perspective of symplectic geometry. Ammann tilings are nonperiodic tilings that are related to quasicrystals with icosahedral symmetry. We associate to each Ammann tiling two explicitly constructed highly singular symplectic spaces and we show that they are diffeomorphic but not symplectomorphic. These spaces inherit from the tiling its very interesting symmetries.
n-symplectic geometry, a generalization of symplectic geometry on the cotangent bundle of a manifold M, is formulated on the bundle of linear frames LM using the Rn-valued soldering 1-form as the generalized n-symplectic potential. In this paper we use n-symplectic geometry on LRn to formulate a quantization scheme for a single particle moving in Rn. By retaining the essence of the standard axioms for quantization on T*Rn, but adapting them to LR^n, we show it is possible to construct a full polynomial quantization that is consistent with the Schrödinger representation on a 2n-dimensional subb…
We extend the AKSZ formulation of the Poisson sigma model to more general target spaces, and we develop the general theory of graded geometry for poly-symplectic and poly-Poisson structures. In particular we prove a Schwarz-type theorem and transgression for graded poly-symplectic structures, recovering the action functional and the poly-symplectic structure of the reduced phase space of the poly-Poisson sigma model, from the AKSZ construction.
Here we give brief account of hermitian symplectic spaces, showing that they are intimately connected to symmetric as well as self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric operator. Furthermore we find an explicit parameterisation of the Lagrange Grassmannian in terms of the unitary matrices $\U (n)$. This allows us to explicitly describe all self-adjoint boundary conditions for the Schroedinger operator on the graph in terms of a unitary matrix. We show that the asymptotics of the scattering matrix can be simply expressed in terms of this unitary matrix.
In this paper we analyze in detail a collection of motivating examples to consider $b^m$-symplectic forms and folded-type symplectic structures. In particular, we provide models in Celestial Mechanics for every $b^m$-symplectic structure. At the end of the paper, we introduce the odd-dimensional analogue to $b$-symplectic manifolds: $b$-contact manifolds.
We discuss the interplay between lagrangian distributions and connections in symplectic geometry, beginning with the traditional case of symplectic manifolds and then passing to the more general context of poly- and multisymplectic structures on fiber bundles, which is relevant for the covariant hamiltonian formulation of classical field theory. In particular, we generalize Weinstein's tubular neighborhood theorem for symplectic manifolds carrying a (simple) lagrangian foliation to this situation. In all cases, the Bott connection, or an appropriately extended version thereof, plays a central …
We study noncommutative generalizations of such notions of the classical symplectic geometry as degenerate Poisson structure, Poisson submanifold and quotient manifold, symplectic foliation and symplectic leaf for associative Poisson algebras. We consider these structures for the case of the endomorphism algebra of a vector bundle, and give the full description of the family of Poisson structures for this algebra.
Having fixed a Kaehler class and the unique corresponding hyperkaehler metric, we prove that all special Lagrangian submanifolds of an irreducible symplectic 4-fold X are bi-Lagrangian and that they are obtained by complex submanifolds via a sort of "hyperkaehler rotation trick"; thus they retain part of the rigidity of complex submanifolds: indeed all special Lagrangian submanifolds of X turn out to be real analytic.
We review the prequantization procedure in the context of super symplectic manifolds with a symplectic form which is not necessarily homogeneous. In developing the theory of non homogeneous symplectic forms, there is one surprising result: the Poisson algebra no longer is the set of smooth functions on the manifold, but a subset of functions with values in a super vector space of dimension 1|1. We show that this has no notable consequences for results concerning coadjoint orbits, momentum maps, and central extensions. Another surprising result is that prequantization in terms of complex line b…
Recently V. Ginzburg proved that Calogero phase space is a coadjoint orbit for some infinite dimensional Lie algebra coming from noncommutative symplectic geometry. In this note we generalize this argument to specific quotient varieties of representations of (deformed) preprojective algebras. This result was also obtained independently by V. Ginzburg.
Several geometric flows on symplectic manifolds are introduced which are potentially of interest in symplectic geometry and topology. They are motivated by the Type IIA flow and T-duality between flows in symplectic geometry and flows in complex geometry. Examples include the Hitchin gradient flow on symplectic manifolds, and a new flow which is called the dual Ricci flow.
The purpose of this article is to view Penrose rhombus tilings from the perspective of symplectic geometry. We show that each thick rhombus in such a tiling can be naturally associated to a highly singular 4-dimensional compact symplectic space, while each thin rhombus can be associated to another such space; both spaces are invariant under the Hamiltonian action of a 2-dimensional quasitorus, and the images of the corresponding moment mappings give the rhombuses back. These two spaces are diffeomorphic but not symplectomorphic.
In this paper we study the symplectic and Poisson geometry of moduli spaces of flat connections over quilted surfaces. These are surfaces where the structure group varies from region to region in the surface, and where a reduction (or relation) of structure occurs along the boundaries of the regions. Our main theoretical tool is a new form moment-map reduction in the context of Dirac geometry. This reduction framework allows us to use very general relations of structure groups, and to investigate both the symplectic and Poisson geometry of the resulting moduli spaces from a unified perspective…
We consider the $osp(1|2)$-invariant bilinear operations on weighted densities on the supercircle $S^{1|1}$ called the supertransvectants. These operations are analogues of the famous Gordan transvectants (or Rankin-Cohen brackets). We prove that these operations coincide with the iterated Poisson and ghost Poisson brackets on ${\mathbb R}^{2|1}$ and apply this result to construct star-products involving the supertransvectants.
This is a survey paper on derived symplectic geometry, that will appear as a chapter contribution to the book "New Spaces for Mathematics and Physics", edited by Mathieu Anel and Gabriel Catren. Our goal is to explain how derived stacks can be useful for ordinary symplectic geometry, with an emphasis on examples coming from classical topological field theories. More precisely, we use classical Chern-Simons theory and moduli spaces of flat $G$-bundles and $G$-local systems as leading examples in our journey. We start in the introduction by reviewing various point-of-views on classical Chern--Si…
We recall the main facts about the odd Laplacian acting on half-densities on an odd symplectic manifold and discuss a homological interpretation for it suggested recently by P. {Š}evera. We study the relationship of odd symplectic geometry with classical objects. We show that the Berezinian of a canonical transformation for an odd symplectic form is a polynomial in matrix entries and a complete square. This is a simple but fundamental fact, parallel to Liouville's theorem for an even symplectic structure. We draw attention to the fact that the de Rham complex on $M$ naturally admits an action …
We study the cohomology of the complexes of differential, integral and pseudo forms on odd symplectic manifolds taking the wedge product with the symplectic form as differential. We show that the cohomology classes are in correspondence with inequivalent Lagrangian submanifolds and that they all define semidensities on them. Further, we introduce new operators that move from one Lagragian submanifold to another and we investigate their relation with the so-called picture changing operators for the de Rham differential. Finally, we prove the isomorphism between the cohomology of the de Rham dif…
We study the symplectic geometry of the moduli spaces $M_r=M_r(\s^3)$ of closed n-gons with fixed side-lengths in the 3-sphere. We prove that these moduli spaces have symplectic structures obtained by reduction of the fusion product of $n$ conjugacy classes in SU(2), denoted $C_r^n$, by the diagonal conjugation action of SU(2). Here $C_r^n$ is a quasi-Hamiltonian SU(2)-space. An integrable Hamiltonian system is constructed on $M_r$ in which the Hamiltonian flows are given by bending polygons along a maximal collection of nonintersecting diagonals. Finally, we show the symplectic structure on $…
We give a detailed study of the symplectic geometry of a family of integrable systems obtained by coupling two angular momenta in a non trivial way. These systems depend on a parameter t $\in$ [0, 1] and exhibit different behaviors according to its value. For a certain range of values, the system is semitoric, and we compute some of its symplectic invariants. Even though these invariants have been known for almost a decade, this is to our knowledge the first example of their computation in the case of a non-toric semitoric system on a compact manifold (the only invariant of toric systems is th…
In this paper the dynamical stability of the Type IIA flow with no source near its stationary points is established. These stationary points had been shown previously by the authors to be Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on Calabi-Yau 3-folds. The dynamical stability of the Type IIA flow is then applied to prove the stability under symplectic deformations of the Kähler property for Calabi-Yau 3-folds.
Quiver varieties have recently appeared in various different areas of Mathematics such as representation theory of Kac-Moody algebras and quantum groups, instantons on 4-manifolds, and resolutions Kleinian singularities. In this paper, we show that many important affine quiver varieties, e.g., the Calogero-Moser space, can be imbedded as coadjoint orbits in the dual of an appropriate infinite dimensional Lie algebra. In particular, there is an infinitesimally transitive action of the Lie algebra in question on the quiver variety. Our construction is based on an extension of Kontsevich's formal…
Motivated by the cohomological construction for the BV formalism from physics, this thesis asks how to perform the intersections and quotients appearing in the BV construction. This leads to the study of the derived symplectic reduction and the extension of these classical notions for group action and infinitesimal actions of Lie algebroids. In this context, we generalize the classical notion of moment maps for global and infinitesimal actions. We then study examples of such moment maps and their derived reductions and produce new shifted examples through a procedure of derived Lagrangian inte…
These are lecture notes for the course "Poisson geometry and deformation quantization" given by the author during the fall semester 2020 at the University of Zurich. The first chapter is an introduction to differential geometry, where we cover manifolds, tensor fields, integration on manifolds, Stokes' theorem, de Rham's theorem and Frobenius' theorem. The second chapter covers the most important notions of symplectic geometry such as Lagrangian submanifolds, Weinstein's tubular neighborhood theorem, Hamiltonian mechanics, moment maps and symplectic reduction. The third chapter gives an introd…
This work contains a brief and elementary exposition of the foundations of Poisson and symplectic geometries, with an emphasis on applications for Hamiltonian systems with second-class constraints. In particular, we clarify the geometric meaning of the Dirac bracket on a symplectic manifold and provide a proof of the Jacobi identity on a Poisson manifold. A number of applications of the Dirac bracket are described: applications for the proof of the compatibility of a system consisting of differential and algebraic equations, as well as applications for the problem of reduction of a Hamiltonian…
