These are lecture notes for the course "Poisson geometry and deformation quantization" given by the author during the fall semester 2020 at the University of Zurich. The first chapter is an introduction to differential geometry, where we cover manifolds, tensor fields, integration on manifolds, Stokes' theorem, de Rham's theorem and Frobenius' theorem. The second chapter covers the most important notions of symplectic geometry such as Lagrangian submanifolds, Weinstein's tubular neighborhood theorem, Hamiltonian mechanics, moment maps and symplectic reduction. The third chapter gives an introduction to Poisson geometry where we also cover Courant structures, Dirac structures, the local splitting theorem, symplectic foliations and Poisson maps. The fourth chapter is about deformation quantization where we cover the Moyal product, $L_\infty$-algebras, Kontsevich's formality theorem, Kontsevich's star product construction through graphs, the globalization approach to Kontsevich's star product and the operadic approach to formality. The fifth chapter is about the quantum field theoretic approach to Kontsevich's deformation quantization where we cover functional integral methods, the Moyal product as a path integral quantization, the Faddeev-Popov and BRST method for gauge theories, infinite-dimensional extensions, the Poisson sigma model, the construction of Kontsevich's star product through a perturbative expansion of the functional integral quantization for the Poisson sigma model for affine Poisson structures and the general construction.
These notes are based on the course given at the School of Geometry, University Kasdi Merbah (Ouargla) 2012. The aim of the course was the deformation quantization of Poisson Lie groups. In these notes we only review Kontsevich's formality theorem.
We consider the Poisson sigma model associated to a Poisson manifold. The perturbative quantization of this model yields the Kontsevich star product formula. We study here the classical model in the Hamiltonian formalism. The phase space is the space of leaves of a Hamiltonian foliation and has a natural groupoid structure. If it is a manifold then it is a symplectic groupoid for the given Poisson manifold. We study various families of examples. In particular, a global symplectic groupoid for a general class of two-dimensional Poisson domains is constructed.
It is known that any Poisson manifold can be embedded into a bigger space which admites a description in terms of the canonical Poisson structure, i.e., Darboux coordinates. Such a procedure is known as a symplectic realization and has a number of important applications like quantization of the original Poisson manifold. In the present paper we extend the above idea to the case of quasi-Poisson structures which should not necessarily satisfy the Jacobi identity. For any given quasi-Poisson structure $Θ$ we provide a recursive procedure of the construction of a symplectic manifold, as well as t…
We introduce poly-symplectic groupoids, which are natural extensions of symplectic groupoids to the context of poly-symplectic geometry, and define poly-Poisson structures as their infinitesimal counterparts. We present equivalent descriptions of poly-Poisson structures, including one related with AV-Dirac structures. We also discuss symmetries and reduction in the setting of poly-symplectic groupoids and poly-Poisson structures, and use our viewpoint to revisit results and develop new aspects of the theory initiated by D.Iglesias, J.C Marrero and M. Vaquero.
We provide an alternative method for obtaining of compatible Poisson structures on Lie groups by means of the adjoint representations of Lie algebras. In this way, we calculate some compatible Poisson structures on four dimensional and nilpotent six dimensional symplectic real Lie groups. Then using Magri-Morosi's theorem we obtain new bi-Hamiltonian systems with four dimensional and nilpotent six dimensional symplectic real Lie groups as phase spaces.
Coherently with the principle of analogy suggested by Dirac, we describe a general setting for reducing a classical dynamics, and the role of the Noether theorem -- connecting symmetries with constants of the motion -- within a reduction. This is the first of two papers, and it focuses on the reduction within the Poisson and the symplectic formalism.
We formulate general definitions of semi-classical gauge transformations for noncommutative gauge theories in general backgrounds of string theory, and give novel explicit constructions using techniques based on symplectic embeddings of almost Poisson structures. In the absence of fluxes the gauge symmetries close a Poisson gauge algebra and their action is governed by a $P_\infty$-algebra which we construct explicitly from the symplectic embedding. In curved backgrounds they close a field dependent gauge algebra governed by an $L_\infty$-algebra which is not a $P_\infty$-algebra. Our techniqu…
We study noncommutative generalizations of such notions of the classical symplectic geometry as degenerate Poisson structure, Poisson submanifold and quotient manifold, symplectic foliation and symplectic leaf for associative Poisson algebras. We consider these structures for the case of the endomorphism algebra of a vector bundle, and give the full description of the family of Poisson structures for this algebra.
We show how to reduce, under certain regularities conditions, a Poisson-Nijenhuis Lie algebroid to a symplectic-Nijenhuis Lie algebroid with nondegenerate Nijenhuis tensor. We generalize the work done by Magri and Morosi for the reduction of Poisson-Nijenhuis manifolds. The choice of the more general framework of Lie algebroids is motivated by the geometrical study of some reduced bi-Hamiltonian systems. An explicit example of reduction of a Poisson-Nijenhuis Lie algebroid is also provided.
On a symplectic manifold a family of generalized Poisson brackets associated with powers of the symplectic form is studied. The extreme cases are related to the Hamiltonian and Liouville dynamics. It is shown that the Dirac brackets can be obtained in a similar way.
In this short note we give a complete characterization of a certain class of compact corank one Poisson manifolds, those equipped with a closed one-form defining the symplectic foliation and a closed two-form extending the symplectic form on each leaf. If such a manifold has a compact leaf, then all the leaves are compact, and furthermore the manifold is a mapping torus of a compact leaf. These manifolds and their regular Poisson structures admit an extension as the critical hypersurface of a Poisson b-manifold as we consider in a later paper.
Symplectic realization is a longstanding problem which can be traced back to Sophus Lie. In this paper, we present an explicit solution to this problem for an arbitrary holomorphic Poisson manifold. More precisely, for any holomorphic Poisson manifold $(X, π)$, we prove that there exists a holomorphic symplectic structure in a neighborhood $Y$ of the zero section of $T^*X$ such that the projection map is a symplectic realization of the given Poisson manifold, and moreover the zero section is a holomorphic Lagrangian submanifold. We describe an explicit construction for such a new holomorphic s…
In this paper we study the symplectic and Poisson geometry of moduli spaces of flat connections over quilted surfaces. These are surfaces where the structure group varies from region to region in the surface, and where a reduction (or relation) of structure occurs along the boundaries of the regions. Our main theoretical tool is a new form moment-map reduction in the context of Dirac geometry. This reduction framework allows us to use very general relations of structure groups, and to investigate both the symplectic and Poisson geometry of the resulting moduli spaces from a unified perspective…
The covariant canonical formalism is a covariant extension of the traditional canonical formalism of fields. In contrast to the traditional canonical theory, it has a remarkable feature that canonical equations of gauge theories or gravity are not only manifestly Lorentz covariant but also gauge covariant or diffeomorphism covariant. A mathematical peculiarity of the covariant canonical formalism is that its canonical coordinates are differential forms on a manifold. In the present paper, we find a natural Poisson bracket of this new canonical theory, and study symplectic structure behind it. …
Given a symplectic form and a pseudo-riemannian metric on a manifold, a non degenerate even Poisson bracket on the algebra of differential forms is defined and its properties are studied. A comparison with the Koszul-Schouten bracket is established.
We extend the AKSZ formulation of the Poisson sigma model to more general target spaces, and we develop the general theory of graded geometry for poly-symplectic and poly-Poisson structures. In particular we prove a Schwarz-type theorem and transgression for graded poly-symplectic structures, recovering the action functional and the poly-symplectic structure of the reduced phase space of the poly-Poisson sigma model, from the AKSZ construction.
We introduce the notion of relational symplectic groupoid as a way to integrate Poisson manifolds in general, following the construction through the Poisson sigma model (PSM) given by Cattaneo and Felder. We extend such construction to the infinite dimensional setting, where we are able to describe the relational symplectic groupoid in terms of immersed Lagrangian Bannach submanifolds. This corresponds to a groupoid object in the "extended symplectic category" and it can be related to the ususal version of symplectic groupoids via reduction. We prove the existence of such an object for any Poi…
This work contains a brief and elementary exposition of the foundations of Poisson and symplectic geometries, with an emphasis on applications for Hamiltonian systems with second-class constraints. In particular, we clarify the geometric meaning of the Dirac bracket on a symplectic manifold and provide a proof of the Jacobi identity on a Poisson manifold. A number of applications of the Dirac bracket are described: applications for the proof of the compatibility of a system consisting of differential and algebraic equations, as well as applications for the problem of reduction of a Hamiltonian…
The Feynman path integral is used to quantize the symplectic leaves of the Poisson-Lie group SU(2)*. In this way we obtain the unitary representations of U_q(su(2)). This is achieved by finding explicit Darboux coordinates and then using a phase space path integral. I discuss the *-structure of SU(2)* and give a detailed description of its leaves using various parametrizations and also compare the results with the path integral quantization of spin.
We study gauge transformations of Dirac structures and the relationship between gauge and Morita equivalences of Poisson manifolds. We describe how the symplectic structure of a symplectic groupoid is affected by a gauge transformation of the Poisson structure on its identity section, and prove that gauge-equivalent integrable Poisson structures are Morita equivalent. As an example, we study certain generic sets of Poisson structures on Riemann surfaces: we find complete gauge-equivalence invariants for such structures which, on the 2-sphere, yield a complete invariant of Morita equivalence.
The main idea of this note is to describe the integration procedure for poly-Poisson structures, that is, to find a poly-symplectic groupoid integrating a poly-Poisson structure, in terms of topological field theories, namely via the path-space construction. This will be given in terms of the poly-Poisson sigma model $(PPSM)$ and we prove that every poly-Poisson structure has a natural integration via relational poly-symplectic groupoids, extending the results in [8] and [26]. We provide familiar examples (trivial, linear, constant and symplectic) within this formulation and we give some appli…
This manuscript is essentially a collection of lecture notes which were given by the first author at the Summer School Wisl-2019, Poland and written down by the second author. As the title suggests, the material covered here includes the Poisson and symplectic structures (Poisson manifolds, Poisson bi-vectors and Poisson brackets), group actions and orbits (infinitesimal action, stabilizers and adjoint representations), moment maps, Poisson and Hamiltonian actions. Finally, the phase space reduction is also discussed. The very last section introduces the Poisson-Lie structures along with some …
As a detailed application of the BV-BFV formalism for the quantization of field theories on manifolds with boundary, this note describes a quantization of the relational symplectic groupoid for a constant Poisson structure. The presence of mixed boundary conditions and the globalization of results is also addressed. In particular, the paper includes an extension to space-times with boundary of some formal geometry considerations in the BV-BFV formalism, and specifically introduces into the BV-BFV framework a "differential" version of the classical and quantum master equations. The quantization…
By introducing an integration factor to the differential one-form of contact dynamics, equations of motion are derived variationally, and contact Poisson bracket and contact Lagrangian are formulated. Discrete symplectic integrator, named hybrid leap-frog method, is found to be a numerical solver of equations of motion for contact dissipative systems.
A log symplectic manifold is a complex manifold equipped with a complex symplectic form that has simple poles on a hypersurface. The possible singularities of such a hypersurface are heavily constrained. We introduce the notion of an elliptic point of a log symplectic structure, which is a singular point at which a natural transversality condition involving the modular vector field is satisfied, and we prove a local normal form for such points that involves the simple elliptic surface singularities $\tilde{E}_6,\tilde{E}_7$ and $\tilde{E}_8$. Our main application is to the classification of Po…
In this paper we study the Goldman bracket between geodesic length functions both on a Riemann surface $Σ_{g,s,0}$ of genus $g$ with $s=1,2$ holes and on a Riemann sphere $Σ_{0,1,n}$ with one hole and $n$ orbifold points of order two. We show that the corresponding Teichmüller spaces $\mathcal T_{g,s,0}$ and $\mathcal T_{0,1,n}$ are realised as real slices of degenerated symplectic leaves in the Dubrovin--Ugaglia Poisson algebra of upper--triangular matrices $S$ with 1 on the diagonal.
Noticing that the space of the solutions of a first order Hamiltonian field theory has a pre-symplectic structure, we describe a class of conserved charges on it associated to the momentum map determined by any symmetry group of transformations. Gauge theories are dealt with by using a symplectic regularization based on an application of Gotay's coisotropic embedding theorem. The analysis of Electrodynamics and of the Klein-Gordon theory illustrates the main results of the theory as well as the emergence of the energy-momentum tensor algebra of conserved currents.
We show that the symplectic reduction of the dynamics of $N$ point vortices on the plane by the special Euclidean group $\mathsf{SE}(2)$ yields a Lie--Poisson equation for relative configurations of the vortices. Specifically, we combine symplectic reduction by stages with a dual pair associated with the reduction by rotations to show that the $\mathsf{SE}(2)$-reduced space with non-zero angular impulse is a coadjoint orbit. This result complements some existing works by establishing a relationship between the symplectic/Hamiltonian structures of the original and reduced dynamics. We also find…
Geometric quantization of a Poisson manifold need not imply quantization of its symplectic leaves. We provide the leafwise geometric quantization of a Poisson manifold, seen as a foliated one, whose quantum algebra restricted to each leaf is quantized.
We show that the category of Poisson manifolds and Poisson maps, the category of symplectic microgroupoids and lagrangian submicrogroupoids (as morphisms), and the category of monoids and monoid morphisms in the microsymplectic category are equivalent symmetric monoidal categories.
We survey the theory of Poisson traces (or zeroth Poisson homology) developed by the authors in a series of recent papers. The goal is to understand this subtle invariant of (singular) Poisson varieties, conditions for it to be finite-dimensional, its relationship to the geometry and topology of symplectic resolutions, and its applications to quantizations. The main technique is the study of a canonical D-module on the variety. In the case the variety has finitely many symplectic leaves (such as for symplectic singularities and Hamiltonian reductions of symplectic vector spaces by reductive gr…
A construction of multidimensional parametric Yang-Baxter maps is presented. The corresponding Lax matrices are the symplectic leaves of first degree matrix polynomials equipped with the Sklyanin bracket. These maps are symplectic with respect to the reduced symplectic structure on these leaves and provide examples of integrable mappings. An interesting family of quadrirational symplectic YB maps on $\mathbb{C}^4 \times \mathbb{C}^4$ with $3\times 3$ Lax matrices is also presented.
A covariant Poisson bracket and an associated covariant star product in the sense of deformation quantization are defined on the algebra of tensor-valued differential forms on a symplectic manifold, as a generalization of similar structures that were recently defined on the algebra of (scalar-valued) differential forms. A covariant star product of arbitrary smooth tensor fields is obtained as a special case. Finally, we study covariant star products on a more general Poisson manifold with a linear connection, first for smooth functions and then for smooth tensor fields of any type. Some observ…
We revisit symplectic properties of the monodromy map for Fuchsian systems on the Riemann sphere. We extend previous results of Hitchin, Alekseev-Malkin and Korotkin-Samtleben where it was shown that the monodromy map is a Poisson morphism between the Kirillov-Kostant Poisson structure on the space of coefficients, on one side, and the Goldman bracket on the monodromy character variety on the other. The extension is provided by defining larger spaces on both sides which are equipped with symplectic structures naturally projecting to the canonical ones. On the coefficient side our symplectic st…
Butcher series for Hamiltonian Poisson integrators through symplectic groupoids
Univ Rennes, INRIA (Research team MINGuS), IRMAR (CNRS UMR 6625) and ENS Rennes（雷恩大学、INRIA（MINGuS研究团队）、IRMAR（CNRS UMR 6625）和雷恩高等师范学院）；Göttingen Mathematisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen（哥廷根数学研究所，格奥尔格-奥古斯特哥廷根大学）
We give a construction of completely integrable ($2n$)-dimensional Hamiltonian systems with symplectic brackets of the Lie-Poisson type (linear in coordinates) and with quadratic Hamilton functions. Applying to any such system the so called Kahan-Hirota-Kimura discretization scheme, we arrive at a birational ($2n$)-dimensional map. We show that this map is symplectic with respect to a symplectic structure that is a perturbation of the original symplectic structure on $\mathbb R^{2n}$, and possesses $n$ independent integrals of motion, which are perturbations of the original Hamilton functions …
Motivated by the recent connection between nonholonomic integrable systems and twisted Poisson manifolds made in \cite{balseiro_garcia_naranjo}, this paper investigates the global theory of integrable Hamiltonian systems on almost symplectic manifolds as an initial step to understand Hamiltonian integrability on twisted Poisson (and Dirac) manifolds. Non-commutative integrable Hamiltonian systems on almost symplectic manifolds were first defined in \cite{fasso_sansonetto}, which proved existence of local generalised action-angle coordinates in the spirit of the Liouville-Arnol'd theorem. In an…
It was proposed the Lie group such that symplectic structure of orbits of co-adjoint representation of the group is revealed symplectic structure of a rigid body dynamics in quaternion variables. It is shown that Poisson brackets of corresponding Lie-Poisson structure coincide with canonical Poisson brackets on cotangent bundle of group unit quaternions.
We associate cotangent models to a neighbourhood of a Liouville torus in symplectic and Poisson manifolds focusing on a special class called $b$-Poisson/$b$-symplectic manifolds. The semilocal equivalence with such models uses the corresponding action-angle coordinate theorems in these settings: the theorem of Liouville-Mineur-Arnold [A74] for symplectic manifolds and an action-angle theorem for regular Liouville tori in Poisson manifolds [LMV11]. Our models comprise regular Liouville tori of Poisson manifolds but also consider the Liouville tori on the singular locus of a $b$-Poisson manifold…
We introduce the concepts of Poisson brackets for classical noise, and of canonically conjugate Wiener processes (symplectic noise). Phase space diffusions driven by these processes are considered and the general form of a stochastic process preserving the full (system and noise) Poisson structure is obtained. We show that, once the classical stochastic model is required to preserve the joint system and noise Poisson bracket, it has much in common with quantum markovian models.
