This article provides sharp constructive upper and lower bound estimates for the non-linear Boltzmann collision operator with the full range of physical non cut-off collision kernels ($γ> -n$ and $s\in (0,1)$) in the trilinear $L^2(\R^n)$ energy $<\mathcal{Q}(g,f),f>$. These new estimates prove that, for a very general class of $g(v)$, the global diffusive behavior (on $f$) in the energy space is that of the geometric fractional derivative semi-norm identified in the linearized context in our earlier works [2009, 2010, 2010 arXiv:1011.5441v1]. We further prove new global entropy production estimates with the same anisotropic semi-norm. This resolves the longstanding, widespread heuristic conjecture about the sharp diffusive nature of the non cut-off Boltzmann collision operator in the energy space $L^2(\R^n)$.
In this paper we prove the global in time existence and uniqueness of solutions of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation for Bose-Einstein particles for the hard sphere model for bounded anisotropic initial data. The main idea of our proof is as follows: we first establish an intermediate equation which is closely related to the original equation and is relatively easily proven to have global in time and unique solutions, then we use the multi-step iterations of the collision gain operator to obtain a desired uniform L1-bound for the solution of the intermediate equation so that it beco…
We consider a semiclassical linear Boltzmann model with a non local collision operator. We provide sharp spectral asymptotics for the small spectrum in the low temperature regime from which we deduce the rate of return to equilibrium as well as a metastability result. The main ingredients are resolvent estimates obtained via hypocoercive techniques and the construction of sharp Gaussian quasimodes through an adaptation of the WKB method.
We consider various sets of Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equations modeling the dynamics of charged particles in a plasma under the effect of a strong magnetic field. For each of them in a regime where the strength of the magnetic field is effectively stronger than that of collisions we first formally derive asymptotically reduced models. In this regime, strong anisotropic phenomena occur; while equilibrium along magnetic field lines is asymptotically reached our asymptotic models capture a non trivial dynamics in the perpendicular directions. We do check that in any case the obtained asymptotic model…
In this work, we study the Cauchy problem for the spatially homogeneous non-cutoff Boltzamnn equation with Maxwellian molecules. We prove that this Cauchy problem enjoys Gelfand-Shilov regularizing effect, that means the smoothing properties is same as the Cauchy problem defined by the evolution equation associated to a fractional harmonic oscillator. The power of this fractional is exactly the singular index of non-cutoff collisional kernel of Boltzmann operator. So that we get the regularity of solution in the Gevery class with the sharp power and the optimal exponential decay of solutions. …
We prove the sharp regularizing estimates for the gain term of the Boltzmann collision operator including hard sphere, hard potential and Maxwell molecule models. Our new estimates characterize both regularization and convolution properties of the gain term and have the following features. The regularizing exponent is sharp both in the $L^2$ based inhomogeneous and homogeneous Sobolev spaces which is exact the exponent of the kinetic part of collision kernel. The functions in these estimates belong to a wider scope of (weighted) Lebesgue spaces than the previous regularizing estimates. Further…
We prove the well-posedness for the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation with soft potentials when the initial datum is close to the {\it global Maxwellian} and has only polynomial decay at the large velocities in $L^2$ space. As a result, we get the {\it propagation of the exponential moments} and the {\it sharp rates} of the convergence to the {\it global Maxwellian} which seems the first results for the original equation with soft potentials. The new ingredients of the proof lie in localized techniques, the semigroup method as well as the propagation of the polynomial and exponential moments in $L…
In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for the linear spatially homogeneous Boltzamnn equation with Debye-Yukawa potential. Using the spectral decomposition of the linear operator, we prove that, for an initial datum in the sense of distribution which contains the dual of the Sobolev spaces, there exists a unique solution which belongs to a more regular Sobolev space for any positive time. We also study the sharp regularity of the solution.
The aim of the work is to provide a stable method to get sharp bounds for Boltzmann and Landau operators in weighted Sobolev spaces and in anisotropic spaces. All the sharp bounds are given for the original Boltzmann and Landau operators. The sharpness means the lower and upper bounds for the operators are consistent with the behavior of the linearized operators. Moreover, we make clear the difference between the bounds for the original operators and those for the linearized ones. According to the Bobylev's formula, we introduce two types of dyadic decompositions performed in both phase and fr…
Using a weighted $H^s$-contraction mapping argument based on the macro-micro decomposition of Liu and Yu, we give an elementary proof of existence, with sharp rates of decay and distance from the Chapman--Enskog approximation, of small-amplitude shock profiles of the Boltzmann equation with hard-sphere potential, recovering and slightly sharpening results obtained by Caflisch and Nicolaenko using different techniques. A key technical point in both analyses is that the linearized collision operator $L$ is negative definite on its range, not only in the standard square-root Maxwellian weighted n…
At the core of this article is an improved, sharp dispersive estimate for the anisotropic linear semigroup $e^{R_1 t}$ arising in both the study of the dispersive SQG equation and the inviscid Boussinesq system. We combine the decay estimate with a blow-up criterion to show how dispersion leads to long-time existence of solutions to the dispersive SQG equation, improving the results obtained using hyperbolic methods. In the setting of the inviscid Boussinesq system it turns out that linearization around a specific stationary solution leads to the same linear semigroup, so that we can make use …
We prove a sharp upper bound for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of a class of nonlinear elliptic operators which includes the p-Laplace and the pseudo-p-Laplace operators. Moreover, we prove a stability result by means of a suitable isoperimetric deficity. Finally, we give a sharp lower bound for the anisotropic p-torsional rigidity.
In this paper we generalize some classical estimates involving the torsional rigidity and the principal frequency of a convex domain to a class of functionals related to some anisotropic non linear operators.
We study the singular limit of a spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic reaction-diffusion equation. We use a Finsler metric related to the anisotropic diffusion term and work in relative geometry. We prove a weak comparison principle and perform an analysis of both the generation and the motion of interfaces. The limit problem involves motion by anisotropic mean curvature. We also prove an optimal estimate of the thickness of the transition layer.
In this article, we study energy decay of the damped wave equation on compact Riemannian manifolds where the damping coefficient is anisotropic and modeled by a pseudodifferential operator of order zero. We prove that the energy of solutions decays at an exponential rate if and only if the damping coefficient satisfies an anisotropic analogue of the classical geometric control condition, along with a unique continuation hypothesis. Furthermore, we compute an explicit formula for the optimal decay rate in terms of the spectral abscissa and the long-time averages of the principal symbol of the d…
We extend the $L^p$-theory of the Boltzmann collision operator by using classical techniques based in the Carleman representation and Fourier analysis, allied to new ideas that exploit the radial symmetry of this operator. We are then able to greatly simplify existent technical proofs in this theory, extend the range, and obtain explicit sharp constants in some convolution-like inequalities for the gain part of the Boltzmann collision operator.
In this paper we establish the best constant of an anisotropic Gagliardo-Nirenberg-type inequality related to the Benjamin-Ono-Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. As an application of our results, we prove the uniform bound of solutions for such a equation in the energy space.
We consider a second-order selfadjoint elliptic operator with an anisotropic diffusion matrix having a jump across a smooth hypersurface. We prove the existence of a weight-function such that a Carleman estimate holds true. We moreover prove that the conditions imposed on the weight function are necessary.
In this paper, we prove a sharp anisotropic $L^p$ Minkowski inequality involving the total $L^p$ anisotropic mean curvature and the anisotropic $p$-capacity, for any bounded domains with smooth boundary in $\mathbb{R}^n$. As consequences, we obtain an anisotropic Willmore inequality, a sharp anisotropic Minkowski inequality for outward $F$-minimising sets and a sharp volumetric anisotropic Minkowski inequality. For the proof, we utilize a nonlinear potential theoretic approach which has been recently developed in \cite{AFM1}.
In many works, the linearized non-cutoff Boltzmann operator is considered to behave essentially as a fractional Laplacian. In the present work, we prove that the linearized non-cutoff Boltzmann operator with Maxwellian molecules is exactly equal to a fractional power of the linearized Landau operator which is the sum of the harmonic oscillator and the spherical Laplacian. This result allows to display explicit sharp coercive estimates satisfied by the linearized non-cutoff Boltzmann operator for both Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian molecules.
In this paper, we prove sharp estimates and existence results for anisotropic nonlinear elliptic problems with lower order terms depending on the gradient. Our prototype is: $ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\mathcal Q_{p}u =[H(Du)]^{q}+f(x) &\text{in }Ω,\\ u=0&\text{on }\partialΩ. \end{array} \right. $ Here $Ω$ is a bounded open set of $\mathbb R^{N}$, $N\ge 2$, $0<p-1<q\le p<N$, and $\mathcal Q_{p}$ is the anisotropic operator $ \mathcal Q_{p} u ={\rm div}\left( [H(Du)]^{p-1}H_ξ(Du) \right)$, where $H$ is a suitable norm of $\mathbb R^{N}$. Moreover, $f$ belongs to an appropriate Marcinkiewicz sp…
We prove various sharp bounds for the anisotropic $p$-capacity $\mathrm{Cap}_{F,p}(K)$ ($1<p<n$) of compact sets $K$ in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq 3$). For example, using the inverse anisotropic mean curvature flow (IAMCF), we get an upper bound of Szegö type (1931) for $\mathrm{Cap}_{F,p}(K)$ when $\partial K$ is a smooth, star-shaped and $F$-mean convex hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq 3$). Moreover, for such a surface $\partial K$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$, by introducing the anisotropic Hawking mass and studying its monotonicity property along IAMCF, we obtain an upper bound …
We prove a sharp three sphere inequality for solutions to third order perturbations of a product of two second order elliptic operators with real coefficients. Then we derive various kinds of quantitative estimates of unique continuation for the anisotropic plate equation. Among these, we prove a stability estimate for the Cauchy problem for such an equation and we illustrate some applications to the size estimates of an unknown inclusion made of different material that might be present in the plate. The paper is self-contained and the Carleman estimate, from which the sharp three sphere inequ…
This paper is concerned with the relativistic Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff. The non-cutoff theory for the relativistic Boltzmann equation has been rarely studied even under a smallness assumption on the initial data due to the lack of understanding of the spectrum and the need for coercivity estimates on the linearized collision operator. Namely, it is crucial to obtain the sharp asymptotics for the frequency multiplier to obtain this coercivity that has never been established before. In this paper, we prove the sharp asymptotics for the frequency multiplier for a general relativi…
This article proves the regularity for the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff with hard potential. By sharpening the coercivity and upper bound estimate on the collision operator, analyzing the Poisson bracket between the transport operator and some weighted pseudo-differential operator, we prove the regularizing effect in space and velocity variables when the initial data has mild regularity.
We prove an sharp anisotropic isoperimetric inequality for a domain outside an Euclidean ball in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $n\geq 2$. The proof applies the ABP method to a Neumann boundary value problem.
We establish sharp remainder terms of the $L^{2}$-Caffarelli-Kohn-Niren\-berg inequalities on homogeneous groups, yielding the inequalities with best constants. Our methods also give new sharp Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequalities in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ with arbitrary quasi-norms. We also present explicit examples to illustrate our results for different weights and in abelian cases.
This article presents a new approach of semigroup analysis and pseudo-differential calculus for deriving the regularizing estimate on non-cutoff linearized Boltzmann equation. We are able to obtain regularizing estimate of semigroup $e^{tB}$ that is continuous from weighted Sobolev space $H(a^{-1/2})H^m_x$ to $H(a^{1/2})H^m_x$ with a sharp large time decay. With these properties, we prove the existence of global-in-time unique solution to the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation for hard potential on the whole space with weak regularity assumption on initial data. We consider the hard potential case …
We consider the Cauchy problem for the rotation-modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (RMKP) equation \begin{align*} \partial_{x}\left(u_{t}-β\partial_{x}^{3}u +\partial_{x}(u^{2})\right)+\partial_{y}^{2}u-γu=0 \end{align*} in the anisotropic Sobolev spaces $H^{s_{1},\>s_{2}}(\mathbb{R}^{2})$. When $β<0$ and $γ>0,$ we prove that the Cauchy problem is locally well-posed in $H^{s_{1},\>s_{2}}(\mathbb{R}^{2})$ with $s_{1}>-\frac{1}{2}$ and $s_{2}\geq 0$. Our result considerably improves the Theorem 1.4 of R. M. Chen, Y. Liu, P. Z. Zhang( Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 364(2012), 339…
The Boltzmann equation without Grad's angular cutoff assumption is believed to have regularizing effect on the solution because of the non-integrable angular singularity of the cross-section. However, even though so far this has been justified satisfactorily for the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation, it is still basically unsolved for the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation. In this paper, by sharpening the coercivity and upper bound estimates for the collision operator, establishing the hypo-ellipticity of the Boltzmann operator based on a generalized version of the uncertainty …
We show the sharp global well posedness for the Cauchy problem for the cubic (quartic) non-elliptic derivative Schrödinger equations with small rough data in modulation spaces $M^s_{2,1}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $n\ge 3$ ($n= 2$). In 2D cubic case, using the Gabor frame, we get some time-global dispersive estimates for the Schrödinger semi-group in anisotropic Lebesgue spaces, which include a time-global maximal function estimate in the space $L^2_{x_1}L^\infty_{x_2,t}$. By resorting to the smooth effect estimate together with the dispersive estimates in anisotropic Lebesgue spaces, we show that the…
