In this talk recent simulation results on the single high energy electron reconstruction with the Beam Calorimeter for the ILD detector are presented. Guinea Pig is used to generate the e+e- pair background and GEANT4 for the simulation of electron showers in the calorimeter. An algorithm was developed for the sHEe reconstruction on top of the large e+e- background. The efficiency of the sHEe reconstruction is estimated for the nominal and SB-2009 ILC beam parameters.
The SiD concept is one of two proposed detectors to be mounted at the interaction region of the International Linear Collider (ILC). A substantial ILC background arises from low transverse momentum $\mathrm{e}^{+}\mathrm{e}^{-}$ pairs created by the interaction of the colliding beams' electromagnetic fields. In order to provide hermeticity and sensitivity to beam targeting parameters, a forward Beamline Calorimeter (BeamCal) is being designed that will provide coverage down to 5 mrad from the outgoing beam trajectory, and intercept the majority of this pair background. Using the SiD simulation…
The current developments for future electron-positron colliders are driven by the Particle Flow concept. In these developments, high granularity calorimeters play a central role. This presentation will focus on a new Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) developed for high granularity calorimeters, and especially for the Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) option of the International Large Detector (ILD) project. The first PFA for ILD was PandoraPFA. This new PFA (APRIL) is based on the PandoraPFA Software Development Kit, but implements a different clustering inspired from the ARBOR PFA approa…
The basic prototype of a tile hadron calorimeter (HCAL) for the International Linear Collider (ILC) has been realised and extensively tested. A major aspect of the proposed concept is the improvement of the jet energy resolution by measuring details of the shower development and combining them with the data of the tracking system (particle flow). The prototype utilises scintillating tiles that are read out by novel Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and takes into account all design aspects that are demanded by the intended operation at the ILC. Currently, a new 12 layer prototype with about 340…
Detectors proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) incorporate a tungsten sampling calorimeter (`BeamCal') intended to reconstruct showers of electrons, positrons and photons that emerge from the interaction point of the collider with angles between 5 and 50 milliradians. For the innermost radius of this calorimeter, radiation doses at shower-max are expected to reach 100 MRad per year, primarily due to minimum-ionizing electrons and positrons that arise in the induced electromagnetic showers of e+e- `beamstrahlung' pairs produced in the ILC beam-beam interaction. However, radiatio…
The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept which has been developed for the electron-positron collider ILC. The detector has been optimized for precision physics in a range of energies between 90 GeV and 1 TeV. ILD features a high precision, large volume combined silicon and gaseous tracking system, together with a high granularity calorimeter, all inside a 3.5 T solenoidal magnetic field. The paradigm of particle flow has been the guiding principle of the design of ILD. In this document the required performance of the detector, the proposed implementation and the readiness o…
Detectors proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) incorporate a tungsten sampling calorimeter (`BeamCal') intended to reconstruct showers of electrons, positrons and photons that emerge from the interaction point of the collider with angles between 5 and 50 milliradians. For the innermost radius of this calorimeter, radiation doses at shower max are expected to reach 100 Mrad per year, primarily due to minimum-ionizing electrons and positrons that arise in the induced electromagnetic showers of e$^+$e$^-$ `beamstrahlung' pairs produced in the ILC beam-beam interaction. However, ra…
Detectors proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC) incorporate a tungsten sampling calorimeter (`BeamCal') intended to reconstruct showers of electrons, positrons and photons that emerge from the interaction point of the collider with angles between 5 and 50 milliradians. For the innermost radius of this calorimeter, radiation doses at shower max are expected to reach 100 Mrad per year, primarily due to minimum-ionizing electrons and positrons that arise in the induced electromagnetic showers of e+e- `beamstrahlung' pairs produced in the ILC beam-beam interaction. However, radiatio…
Scintillator-based calorimeters for experiments at Higgs factories (e.g. ILC) demand scintillator designs that can detect sufficient number of photons and have good light yield uniformity, and that they can be easily mass-produced. In order to meet these requirements, scintillator strips with a small dimple has been proposed. In our study, we measure the light yield of a dimple scintillator sample; we then compare the measurements with light tracing simulation using GEANT4. We intend to use our results to propose an optimized scintillator shape.
First test of a power-pulsed electronics system on a GRPC detector in a 3-Tesla magnetic field
在实现用于未来国际直线对撞机（ILC）实验的超颗粒强子量能器方面迈出了重要的技术一步。一个33 × 50 cm 2 GRPC探测器配备了一个功率脉冲电子电路板，提供了1 cm 2的横向分割，成功地测试了3特斯拉磁铁在H2束线的欧洲核子研究中心SPS。一个重要的降低功耗的检测器的性能没有恶化时，获得的功率脉冲模式被应用。这一重要结果表明，用于ILC实验的超颗粒量热计不仅是一个有吸引力的，而且是一个现实的选择。
High precision physics at future colliders as the International Linear Collider (ILC) require unprecedented high precision in the determination of the energy of final state particles. The needed precision will be achieved thanks to the Particle Flow algorithms (PF) which require highly granular and hermetic calorimeters systems.The physical proof of concept of the PF was performed in the previous campaign of beam tests of physic prototypes within the CALICE collaboration. One of these prototypes was the physics prototype of the Silicon-Tungsten Electromagnetic Calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) for the IL…
As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, CMS is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The HGCAL will be realised as a sampling calorimeter, including an electromagnetic compartment comprising 28 layers of silicon pad detectors with pad areas of 0.5 - 1.0 cm2 interspersed with absorbers. Prototype modules, based on 6-inch hexagonal silicon pad sensors with 128 channels, have been constructed and include many of the features required for this challenging detector. In 2016, beam tests of sampling configurations made from these modules have be…
The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) was installed on the ISS to measure high-energy cosmic-ray elemental spectra for the charge range $\rm Z=1$ to 26. The ISS-CREAM instrument includes a tungsten scintillating-fiber calorimeter preceded by a carbon target for energy measurements. The carbon target induces hadronic interactions, and showers of secondary particles develop in the calorimeter. The energy deposition in the calorimeter is proportional to the particle energy. As a predecessor to ISS-CREAM, the balloon-borne CREAM instrument wa…
This note discusses methods of particle reconstruction in the forward region detectors of future e+e- linear colliders such as ILC or CLIC. At the nominal luminosity the innermost electromagnetic calorimeters undergo high particle fluxes from the beam-induced background. In this prospect, different methods of the background simulation and signal electron reconstruction are described.
The Silicon Detector (SiD) is one of the detector concepts for the International Linear Collider (ILC), which is proposed to be built in Japan. Since the decision to reduce the center-of-mass energy for the first stage of the ILC to 250 GeV, numerous efforts are ongoing to evaluate the possible physics program and the change in the detector background. It was found that changing the beam parameters would increase the luminosity and therefore further strengthen the physics outcome. On the downside, the new beam parameters lead to an increase in the detector background arising from beam-beam int…
The FCAL collaboration is preparing large-scale prototypes of special calorimeters to be used in the very forward region at future electron-positron colliders for a precise measurement of integrated luminosity and for instant luminosity measurement and assisting beam-tuning. LumiCal is designed as a silicon-tungsten sandwich calorimeter with very thin sensor planes to keep the Molière radius small, facilitating such the measurement of electron showers in the presence of background. Dedicated front-end electronics has been developed to match the timing and dynamic range requirements. A partiall…
A large prototype of 1.3m3 was designed and built as a demonstrator of the semi-digital hadronic calorimeter (SDHCAL) concept proposed for the future ILC experiments. The prototype is a sampling hadronic calorimeter of 48 units. Each unit is built of an active layer made of 1m2 Glass Resistive Plate Chamber(GRPC) detector placed inside a cassette whose walls are made of stainless steel. The cassette contains also the electronics used to read out the GRPC detector. The lateral granularity of the active layer is provided by the electronics pick-up pads of 1cm2 each. The cassettes are inserted in…
A prototype for a sampling calorimeter made out of cerium fluoride crystals interleaved with tungsten plates, and read out by wavelength-shifting fibres, has been exposed to beams of electrons with energies between 20 and 150 GeV, produced by the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator complex. The performance of the prototype is presented and compared to that of a Geant4 simulation of the apparatus. Particular emphasis is given to the response uniformity across the channel front face, and to the prototype's energy resolution.
We are developing position sensitive silicon detectors (PSDs) which have an electrode at each of four corners so that incident position of a charged particle can be obtained with signal from the electrodes. It is expected that the position resolution of the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the ILD detector will be improved by introducing PSDs to detection layers. We have been developing the PSDs for several years. In the previous production we found that the charge separation is not optimally done due to the readout impedance. To solve the issue, we produced new PSDs with higher surface r…
Detectors at future $e^+e^-$ colliders need special calorimeters in the very forward region for a fast estimate and precise measurement of the luminosity, to improve the hermeticity and mask the central tracking detectors from backscattered particles. In our concept, two compact calorimeters are foreseen, LumiCal and BeamCal. Both are designed as sandwich calorimeters with very thin sensor planes to keep the Molière radius small, facilitating such the measurement of electron showers in the presence of background. Silicon sensor prototypes and dedicated FE ASICs have been developed and produced…
SiD is a robust, silicon-based detector proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC). SiD employs a sampling silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) to accurately measure the energies of electrons, positrons, and photons produced in collisions, and to contribute to jet energy measurements through the particle flow technique. Due to the nature of the detector and its design constraints, a portion of the electron, positron, and photon energy exits the ECal undetected. Here, we establish a methodology for estimating the exiting energy and correctly determining the energies of …
粒子流算法（PFAs）已被提出作为一种方法，以提高未来的碰撞束探测器的喷流能量分辨率。PFA需要具有高粒度的量热计，以实现事件的三维成像。线性对撞机合作（CALICE）的量热仪正在开发和测试这种高度分段量热仪的原型。在这种情况下，由阿贡国家实验室领导的一个小组开发和建造了一个大型的数字强子量热仪（DHCAL）原型。DHCAL由52层组成，装有电阻板室（RPC），并与钢吸收板交错。RPC通过1 x 1 cm2焊盘以1位分辨率（数字读出）读出。DHCAL原型有大约480，000个读出通道。本讲座报告DHCAL的设计，建造和调试。DHCAL于2010年秋季安装在费米实验室试验束设施，并于2011年夏季收集数据。
Construction and performance of a silicon photomultiplier/extruded scintillator tail-catcher and muon-tracker
2006年至2009年间，欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）和费米实验室（Fermilab）建造、安装并测试了一个国际直线对撞机（ILC）探测器的原型模块，作为CALICE试验束计划的一部分，以研究在强子量能器后面扩展能量采样的可能性，并研究提供μ子跟踪的可能性。“尾捕捉器/μ子跟踪器”（TCMT）由320个挤压闪烁体条（尺寸1000 mm x 50 mm x 5 mm）组成，包装在16个1米见方的平面中，交错在钢板之间。闪烁体条用波长移动光纤和硅光电倍增器读出。平面以交替的水平和垂直条带方向排列。收集了能量范围为6 GeV至80 GeV的μ子和π子的数据。利用在2006年采取的数据，本文介绍了TCMT的设计和建造，性能特点，和基于束的TCMT的能力，以提高强子能量分辨率的原型ILC探测器的评估。对于ILC探测器的典型配置，其线圈位于厚度为5.5个核相互作用长度的量热计系统外部，TCMT将对20至80 GeV之间的π介子的相对能量分辨率提高6- 16%。
Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities $|η| <$ 3 and are positioned inside a solenoidal magnet. An outer calorimeter, outside the magnet coil, covers $|η| <$ 1.26, and a steel and quartz-fiber Cherenkov forward calorimeter extends the coverage to $|η| <$ 5.19. The initial calibration of the calorimeters was based on results from test b…
The Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) is proposed to equip the future ILC detector. A technological prototype of the SDHCAL developed within the CALICE collaboration has been extensively tested in test beams. We review here the prototype performances in terms of hadronic shower reconstruction from the most recent analyses test beam data.
The FCAL collaboration is preparing large-scale prototypes of special calorimeters to be used in the very forward region at future electron-positron colliders. Two compact calorimeters are foreseen, LumiCal and BeamCal, designed as sandwich calorimeters with very thin sensor planes to keep the Molière radius small. Silicon sensor prototypes and dedicated FE ASICs have been developed and produced for LumiCal. The ASICs have been designed to cope with the timing and dynamic range requirements. The electromagnetic calorimeters of the LUXE experiment are based on a similar technology to that devel…
The FCAL collaboration is preparing large scale prototypes of special calorimeters to be used in the very forward region at a future linear electron positron collider for a precise and fast luminosity measurement and beam-tuning. These calorimeters are designed as sensor-tungsten calorimeters with very thin sensor planes to keep the Moliere radius small and dedicated FE electronics to match the timing and dynamic range requirements. A partially instrumented prototype was investigated in the CERN PS T9 beam in 2014 and at the DESY-II Synchrotron in 2015. It was operated in a mixed particle beam…
