Special calorimeters are needed to instrument the very forward region of an ILC detector. These devices will improve the hermeticity being important for new particle searches. A luminometer is foreseen to measure the rate of low angle Bhabha scattering with a precision better than 10-3. A calorimeter adjacent to the beam-pipe will be hit by a large amount of beamstrahlung remnants. The amount and shape of these depositions will allow a fast luminosity estimate and the determination of beam parameters. However, the sensors must be extremely radiation hard. Finely segmented and very compact calorimeters will match the requirements. Due to the high occupancy fast FE electronics is needed. A possible design of the calorimeters is presented and an overview on the R&D status is given
The current developments for future electron-positron colliders are driven by the Particle Flow concept. In these developments, high granularity calorimeters play a central role. This presentation will focus on a new Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) developed for high granularity calorimeters, and especially for the Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) option of the International Large Detector (ILD) project. The first PFA for ILD was PandoraPFA. This new PFA (APRIL) is based on the PandoraPFA Software Development Kit, but implements a different clustering inspired from the ARBOR PFA approa…
The International Large Detector, ILD, is a detector concept which has been developed for the electron-positron collider ILC. The detector has been optimized for precision physics in a range of energies between 90 GeV and 1 TeV. ILD features a high precision, large volume combined silicon and gaseous tracking system, together with a high granularity calorimeter, all inside a 3.5 T solenoidal magnetic field. The paradigm of particle flow has been the guiding principle of the design of ILD. In this document the required performance of the detector, the proposed implementation and the readiness o…
Scintillator-based calorimeters for experiments at Higgs factories (e.g. ILC) demand scintillator designs that can detect sufficient number of photons and have good light yield uniformity, and that they can be easily mass-produced. In order to meet these requirements, scintillator strips with a small dimple has been proposed. In our study, we measure the light yield of a dimple scintillator sample; we then compare the measurements with light tracing simulation using GEANT4. We intend to use our results to propose an optimized scintillator shape.
First test of a power-pulsed electronics system on a GRPC detector in a 3-Tesla magnetic field
在实现用于未来国际直线对撞机（ILC）实验的超颗粒强子量能器方面迈出了重要的技术一步。一个33 × 50 cm 2 GRPC探测器配备了一个功率脉冲电子电路板，提供了1 cm 2的横向分割，成功地测试了3特斯拉磁铁在H2束线的欧洲核子研究中心SPS。一个重要的降低功耗的检测器的性能没有恶化时，获得的功率脉冲模式被应用。这一重要结果表明，用于ILC实验的超颗粒量热计不仅是一个有吸引力的，而且是一个现实的选择。
High precision physics at future colliders as the International Linear Collider (ILC) require unprecedented high precision in the determination of the energy of final state particles. The needed precision will be achieved thanks to the Particle Flow algorithms (PF) which require highly granular and hermetic calorimeters systems.The physical proof of concept of the PF was performed in the previous campaign of beam tests of physic prototypes within the CALICE collaboration. One of these prototypes was the physics prototype of the Silicon-Tungsten Electromagnetic Calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) for the IL…
The physics motivation, detector design, triggers, calibration, alignment, simulation, and overall performance of the very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment are reviewed. The CASTOR Cherenkov sampling calorimeter is located very close to the LHC beam line, at a radial distance of about 1 cm from the beam pipe, and at 14.4 m from the CMS interaction point, covering the pseudorapidity range of $-$6.6 $\lt$ $η$ $\lt$ $-$5.2. It was designed to withstand high ambient radiation and strong magnetic fields. The performance of the detector in measurements of forward energy density, jets…
Detectors at future $e^+e^-$ colliders need special calorimeters in the very forward region for a fast estimate and precise measurement of the luminosity, to improve the hermeticity and mask the central tracking detectors from backscattered particles. In our concept, two compact calorimeters are foreseen, LumiCal and BeamCal. Both are designed as sandwich calorimeters with very thin sensor planes to keep the Molière radius small, facilitating such the measurement of electron showers in the presence of background. Silicon sensor prototypes and dedicated FE ASICs have been developed and produced…
As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, CMS is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The HGCAL will be realised as a sampling calorimeter, including an electromagnetic compartment comprising 28 layers of silicon pad detectors with pad areas of 0.5 - 1.0 cm2 interspersed with absorbers. Prototype modules, based on 6-inch hexagonal silicon pad sensors with 128 channels, have been constructed and include many of the features required for this challenging detector. In 2016, beam tests of sampling configurations made from these modules have be…
We are developing position sensitive silicon detectors (PSDs) which have an electrode at each of four corners so that incident position of a charged particle can be obtained with signal from the electrodes. It is expected that the position resolution of the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the ILD detector will be improved by introducing PSDs to detection layers. We have been developing the PSDs for several years. In the previous production we found that the charge separation is not optimally done due to the readout impedance. To solve the issue, we produced new PSDs with higher surface r…
Construction and performance of a silicon photomultiplier/extruded scintillator tail-catcher and muon-tracker
2006年至2009年间，欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）和费米实验室（Fermilab）建造、安装并测试了一个国际直线对撞机（ILC）探测器的原型模块，作为CALICE试验束计划的一部分，以研究在强子量能器后面扩展能量采样的可能性，并研究提供μ子跟踪的可能性。“尾捕捉器/μ子跟踪器”（TCMT）由320个挤压闪烁体条（尺寸1000 mm x 50 mm x 5 mm）组成，包装在16个1米见方的平面中，交错在钢板之间。闪烁体条用波长移动光纤和硅光电倍增器读出。平面以交替的水平和垂直条带方向排列。收集了能量范围为6 GeV至80 GeV的μ子和π子的数据。利用在2006年采取的数据，本文介绍了TCMT的设计和建造，性能特点，和基于束的TCMT的能力，以提高强子能量分辨率的原型ILC探测器的评估。对于ILC探测器的典型配置，其线圈位于厚度为5.5个核相互作用长度的量热计系统外部，TCMT将对20至80 GeV之间的π介子的相对能量分辨率提高6- 16%。
The Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) is proposed to equip the future ILC detector. A technological prototype of the SDHCAL developed within the CALICE collaboration has been extensively tested in test beams. We review here the prototype performances in terms of hadronic shower reconstruction from the most recent analyses test beam data.
Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities $|η| <$ 3 and are positioned inside a solenoidal magnet. An outer calorimeter, outside the magnet coil, covers $|η| <$ 1.26, and a steel and quartz-fiber Cherenkov forward calorimeter extends the coverage to $|η| <$ 5.19. The initial calibration of the calorimeters was based on results from test b…
The GlueX forward calorimeter is an array of 2800 lead glass modules that was constructed to detect photons produced in the decays of hadrons. A background to this process originates from hadronic interactions in the calorimeter, which, in some instances, can be difficult to distinguish from low energy photon interactions. Machine learning techniques were applied to the classification of particle interactions in the GlueX forward calorimeter. The algorithms were trained on data using decays of the $ω$ meson, which contain both true photons and charged particles that interact with the calorimet…
Commissioning of the new calorimeters of the KLOE-2 experiment
2013年5月，三个新的子探测器被安装在INFN的Nazionali di Frascati的KLOE设备中。光子探测是通过一个小的晶体量热计，名为CCALT，在非常向前的方向和一个钨-陶瓷瓦采样装置，名为QCALT，仪表化的低β四极的加速器。在第一次DA $ϕ$ NE操作期间，已经获得了一些初步运行（有冲突和无冲突），允许调试新的子探测器。在本文中，我们报告了QCALT和CCALT的简要说明和调试阶段的总结。
CMS实验中的CASTOR量热计是一种电磁/强子量热计，它覆盖了探测器的非常前面的区域（-6.6 < eta < -5.2）。CASTOR是切伦科夫取样量热计，由石英和钨板组成，总深度为10个相互作用长度，能够探测穿透级联粒子。它分为16个横向部分和14个纵向部分。围绕束管，其设计由空间限制决定，并限于耐受高辐射水平的材料。在本报告中，我们报告的操作经验和测量与CASTOR量热计在2010年的数据采取在大型强子对撞机，质子-质子和重离子碰撞。广泛的物理程序，可以访问与CASTOR的概述，以及已发表的和正在进行的物理分析和探测器研究的状态。
The FCAL collaboration is preparing large-scale prototypes of special calorimeters to be used in the very forward region at future electron-positron colliders. Two compact calorimeters are foreseen, LumiCal and BeamCal, designed as sandwich calorimeters with very thin sensor planes to keep the Molière radius small. Silicon sensor prototypes and dedicated FE ASICs have been developed and produced for LumiCal. The ASICs have been designed to cope with the timing and dynamic range requirements. The electromagnetic calorimeters of the LUXE experiment are based on a similar technology to that devel…
Calorimeters with silicon detectors have many unique features and are proposed for several world-leading experiments. We describe the R&D program of the large scale detector element with up to 12 000 readout channels for the International Large Detector (ILD) at the future e+e- ILC collider. The program is focused on the readout front-end electronics embedded inside the calorimeter. The first part with 2 000 channels and two small silicon sensors has already been constructed, the full prototype is planned for the beginning of 2018.
A forward electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeter (FoCal) was proposed as an upgrade to the ALICE experiment, to be installed during LS3 for data-taking in 2027--2029 at the LHC. The FoCal extends the scope of ALICE, which was designed for the comprehensive study of hot and dense partonic matter, by adding new capabilities to explore the small-$x$ parton structure of nucleons and nuclei. The primary objective of the FoCal is high-precision inclusive measurement of direct photons and jets, as well as coincident gamma-jet and jet-jet measurements, in pp and p--Pb collisions. These measurements …
