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arXiv 1004.4557astro-ph.SR
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疏散星团NGC 2516中快速旋转M矮星的色球活动

Chromospheric activity among fast rotating M-dwarfs in the open cluster NGC 2516

R. J. Jackson, R. D. Jeffries

摘要:

我们报告径向速度(RV),投影赤道速度(v sin i)和钙II三重态(CaT)色球活动指数为237晚K到中期M的年轻疏散星团NGC 2516的候选成员。这些恒星的自转周期在0.1到15天之间。中分辨率光谱是使用甚大望远镜的长颈鹿摄谱仪获得的。根据210个目标的自愿返回书确认了成员资格。当我们转向较冷的光谱类型时,我们看到快速旋转子的比例显着增加。大约20%的M0-M1恒星的vsin i > 15 km/s,而M4恒星的vsin i则增加到90%。来自CaT(8498 A和8542 A)的前两条线的活动指数显示出不同的依赖于旋转周期和质量的恒星位于完全对流边界的上方和下方。光谱类型为K3-M2.5的高质量恒星,其色球活动随罗斯比数(周期与对流周转时间的比值)的减小而增加,当罗斯比数小于0.1时达到饱和。对于较冷的恒星,它们可能是完全对流的,并且几乎所有的罗斯比数都小于0.1,随着(V-I)_0的增加,色球活动明显减少,相当于光谱类型M2.5和M4之间的2-3倍。这种在低罗斯比数下活动水平的降低在星团M矮星或活动场M矮星的日冕的X射线观测中是看不到的。对于任何光谱类型的恒星,在罗斯比数小于0.01时,都没有色球活动过饱和的证据。我们认为,在NGC~2516的色球发射超过光谱类型M3的极限水平的下降,像在现场的恒星旋转速率的同时增加,与全球磁拓扑结构的变化,因为恒星接近完全对流边界,而不是由于任何减少发电机产生的磁通量。

英文摘要:

We report radial velocities (RVs), projected equatorial velocities (v sin i) and CaII triplet (CaT) chromospheric activity indices for 237 late-K to mid-M candidate members of the young open cluster NGC 2516. These stars have rotation periods between 0.1 and 15 days. Intermediate resolution spectra were obtained using the Giraffe spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. Membership was confirmed on the basis of RVs for 210 targets. We see a marked increase in the fraction of rapidly rotators as we move to cooler spectral types. About 20 per cent of M0-M1 stars have v sin i >15km/s, increasing to 90 per cent of M4 stars. Activity indices derived from the first two lines of the CaT (8498A and 8542A) show differing dependencies on rotation period and mass for stars lying above and below the fully convective boundary. Higher mass stars, of spectral type K3-M2.5, show chromospheric activity which increases with decreasing Rossby number (the ratio of period to convective turnover time), saturating for Rossby numbers <0.1. For cooler stars, which are probably fully convective and almost all of which have Rossby numbers <0.1, there is a clear decrease in chromospheric activity as (V-I)_0 increases, amounting to a fall of about a factor of 2-3 between spectral types M2.5 and M4. This decrease in activity levels at low Rossby numbers is not seen in X-ray observations of the coronae of cluster M-dwarfs or of active field M-dwarfs. There is no evidence for supersaturation of chromospheric activity for stars of any spectral type at Rossby numbers <0.01. We suggest that the fall in the limiting level of chromospheric emission beyond spectral type M3 in NGC~2516 is, like the simultaneous increase in rotation rates in field stars, associated with a change in the global magnetic topology as stars approach the fully convective boundary and not due to any decrease in dynamo-generated magnetic flux.

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