磁龙卷风和色球涡旋的定义和分类
Magnetic tornadoes and chromospheric swirls -- Definition and classification
摘要：
色球漩涡是太阳大气中旋转磁场结构的观测特征，也被称为磁龙卷风。在波长为854.2 nm的单离子钙的谱线的核心中，漩涡出现为暗旋转特征。考虑到太阳色球层的动态变化，这种特征可能非常微妙且难以检测。建立系统和客观的探测方法的重要步骤是对观测到的和模拟的色球漩涡进行统计学上重要的样本汇编和定性。在这里，我们提供了一个更准确的定义色球漩涡现象，并提出了第一个形态分类的漩涡有三种类型：（I）环，（II）分裂，（III）螺旋。我们还讨论了连接到龙卷风的磁场结构的性质和有限的空间分辨率对它们的光球足点的外观的影响。
英文摘要：
Chromospheric swirls are the observational signatures of rotating magnetic field structures in the solar atmosphere, also known as magnetic tornadoes. Swirls appear as dark rotating features in the core of the spectral line of singly ionized calcium at a wavelength of 854.2 nm. This signature can be very subtle and difficult to detect given the dynamic changes in the solar chromosphere. Important steps towards a systematic and objective detection method are the compilation and characterization of a statistically significant sample of observed and simulated chromospheric swirls. Here, we provide a more exact definition of the chromospheric swirl phenomenon and also present a first morphological classification of swirls with three types: (I) Ring, (II) Split, (III) Spiral. We also discuss the nature of the magnetic field structures connected to tornadoes and the influence of limited spatial resolution on the appearance of their photospheric footpoints.
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