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arXiv 1004.2491astro-ph.CO
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非球形晕对星系-星系的透镜作用I:理论考虑

Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing by Non-Spherical Haloes I:Theoretical Considerations

Paul J. Howell, Tereasa G. Brainerd

摘要:

我们利用蒙特卡罗模拟研究了非球形暗物质晕对星系-星系透镜效应的理论。模拟包括仔细考虑多个偏转的影响。在一个典型的数据集中,测量的平均切向剪切源的红移zs ~ 0.6相对于观测到的对称轴的前景星系的红移zl ~ 0.3,各向异性星系星系透镜的签名大大不同于预期,人们会在没有多个偏转。所观察到的平均切向剪切比,g+/g-,是强烈抑制的功能相比,人们将测量,如果内在的对称轴的前景星系是已知的。取决于透镜的特征质量,平均切向剪切的观察到的比率可以与各向同性信号一致(尽管透镜是非球形的事实),或者它甚至可以与预期信号相反(即,靠近所观察到的透镜短轴的源的平均切向剪切可以超过靠近所观察到的透镜长轴的源的平均切向剪切)。这些效应主要是由于透镜星系本身被透镜化,因此观察到的透镜对称轴不同于它们的固有对称轴。前景星系的透镜效应对观测函数g+/g-的影响不能通过拒绝具有小图像椭圆度的前景星系来消除,也不能通过将分析集中在非常接近观测到的前景星系对称轴的源上来消除。我们的结论是,任何试图使用g+/g-的测量来约束暗物质星系晕的形状,必须包括蒙特卡罗模拟,适当地考虑到多个偏转。

英文摘要:

We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the theory of galaxy-galaxy lensing by non-spherical dark matter haloes. The simulations include a careful accounting of the effects of multiple deflections. In a typical data set where the mean tangential shear of sources with redshifts zs ~ 0.6 is measured with respect to the observed symmetry axes of foreground galaxies with redshifts zl ~ 0.3, the signature of anisotropic galaxy-galaxy lensing differs substantially from the expectation that one would have in the absence of multiple deflections. The observed ratio of the mean tangential shears, g+/g-, is strongly suppressed compared to the function that one would measure if the intrinsic symmetry axes of the foreground galaxies were known. Depending upon the characteristic masses of the lenses, the observed ratio of the mean tangential shears may be consistent with an isotropic signal (despite the fact that the lenses are non-spherical), or it may even be reversed from the expected signal (i.e., the mean tangential shear for sources close to the observed minor axes of the lenses may exceed the mean tangential shear for sources close to the observed major axes of the lenses). These effects are caused primarily by the fact that the lens galaxies have, themselves, been lensed and therefore the observed symmetry axes of the lenses differ from their intrinsic symmetry axes. The effects of lensing of the foreground galaxies on the observed function g+/g- cannot be eliminated by the rejection of foreground galaxies with small image ellipticities, nor by focusing the analysis on sources that are located very close to the observed symmetry axes of the foreground galaxies. We conclude that any attempt to use a measurement of g+/g- to constrain the shapes of dark matter galaxy haloes must include Monte Carlo simulations that take multiple deflections properly into account.

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