This paper aims to quantify how the lowest halo mass that can be detected with galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lensing depends on the quality of the observations and the characteristics of the observed lens systems. Using simulated data, we measure the lowest detectable NFW mass at each location of the lens plane, in the form of detailed \emph{sensitivity maps}. In summary, we find that: (i) the lowest detectable mass $M_{\rm low}$ decreases linearly as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases and the sensitive area is larger when we decrease the noise; (ii) a moderate increase in angular resolution (0.07" vs 0.09") and pixel scale (0.01" vs 0.04") improves the sensitivity by on average 0.25 dex in halo mass, with more significant improvement around the most sensitive regions; (iii) the sensitivity to low-mass objects is largest for bright and complex lensed galaxies located inside the caustic curves and lensed into larger Einstein rings (i.e $r_{E}\geq1.0"$). We find that for the sensitive mock images considered in this work, the minimum mass that we can detect at the redshift of the lens lies between $1.5\times10^{8}$ and $3\times10^{9}M_{\odot}$. We derive analytic relations between $M_{\rm low}$, the SNR and resolution and discuss the impact of the lensing configuration and source structure. Our results start to fill the gap between approximate predictions and real data and demonstrate the challenging nature of calculating precise forecasts for gravitational imaging. In light of our findings, we discuss possible strategies for designing strong lensing surveys and the prospects for HST, Keck, ALMA, Euclid and other future observations.
Globular clusters vs dark matter haloes in strong lensing observations
爱因斯坦环或巨弧的图像中的微小扭曲提供了探测质量低于$10^9$ M $_{\odot}$的暗物质晕或亚晕的令人兴奋的前景，其中大多数都太小，无法形成可见的星系。在宇宙演化的冷暗物质模型中，预计存在大量这样的晕;相反，其他模型，如暖暗物质，预测没有晕低于这个数量级，这取决于暖暗物质粒子的性质。因此，试图探测这些小扰动可以区分不同种类的暗物质粒子，甚至完全排除冷暗物质模型。透镜星系中的球状星团也会引起图像的扭曲，原则上，这可能会污染测试。本文研究了室女星系团中六个早型星系中球状星团的总体分布。我们发现质量为$\sim10^6$ M $_{\odot}$的球状星团的数密度与暗物质扰动物（包括透镜中的次晕和沿视线的晕）的数密度相当。我们发现，在球状星团和暗物质晕的质量集中程度非常不同，导致不同的透镜畸变。这些可以用毫角秒分辨率的成像来检测，这种成像可以区分球状星团和暗物质晕信号。
Tracing small-scale structure formation through cosmic time with strong gravitational lensing: A case for a next-generation sub-millimetre/millimetre interferometer
European Southern Observatory (ESO)（欧洲南方天文台）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所）；South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO)（南非射电天文观测台）；Department of Physics, University of Pretoria（比勒陀利亚大学物理系）；Pole Scientific, Catholic University of Lyon（里昂天主教大学科学部门）；Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso（瓦尔帕莱索大学物理与天文学研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Oxford（牛津大学物理系）；Observatoire de Paris, LUX, Collège de France, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne University（巴黎天文台，卢克斯，法兰西公学院，法国国家科学研究中心，巴黎文理研究大学，索邦大学）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Augusto Righi , Università di Bologna（博洛尼大学奥古斯托·里吉物理与天文学系）；INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚空间科学与天文学观测台）；INFN – Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼亚分部）
Improved strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters using the Fundamental Plane: detailed mapping of the baryonic and dark matter mass distribution of Abell S1063
Improved strong lensing modelling of galaxy clusters using the Fundamental Plane: Detailed mapping of the baryonic and dark matter mass distribution of Abell S1063
The coevolution of the velocity and mass functions of galaxies and dark haloes
我们采用偏差校正的丰度匹配技术，调查的LCDM暗晕质量函数（HMF），观测导出的速度色散和恒星质量函数（VDF，SMF）的z=1和0之间的星系的共同演化。我们首次使用Chae（2010）通过强透镜统计约束的VDF演化进行星系-晕丰度匹配研究。作为本地基准，我们使用了两个z ~ 0 VDF（基于SDSS DR 5的Monte-Carlo实现的VDF和基于SDSS DR 6的直接测量的VDF）。然后，我们专注于连接的VDF演化的HMF演化预测的N体模拟和SMF演化星系调查的约束。在VDF-HMF联系上，我们发现局域暗晕维里质量-中心恒星速度色散（Mvir-sigma）关系与已被研究的低红移暗晕的个别性质吻合得很好，并且VDF演化与HMF演化密切平行，意味着Mvir-sigma关系几乎没有演化.在VDF-SMF联系上，把丰度匹配结果与其他独立观测结果和流体动力学模拟结果结合起来，恒星质量-恒星速度色散（Mstar-sigma）关系也可能演化不大。我们的研究结果支持的简单的图片，作为晕层次的增长，恒星质量和中央恒星速度色散平行增长。我们讨论了这种平行的共同演化的星系形成和演化下的LCDM范式的可能影响。
Investigation of mass substructure in gravitational lens system SDP.81 with ALMA long-baseline observations
European Southern Observatory (ESO)（欧洲南方天文台）；Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics（马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所）；South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO)（南非射电天文观测台）；Department of Physics, University of Pretoria（比勒陀利亚大学物理系）
CSST Strong Lensing Preparation: a Framework for Detecting Strong Lenses in the Multi-color Imaging Survey by the China Survey Space Telescope (CSST)
College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology（太原理工大学电子信息与光学工程学院）；National Astronomical Observatories（国家天文台）；Purple Mountain Observatory（紫金山天文台）；South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University（云南大学西南天文研究所）；Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所）；Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität（慕尼黑大学）
