This paper exploits the gravitational magnification of SNe Ia to measure properties of dark matter haloes. The magnification of individual SNe Ia can be computed using observed properties of foreground galaxies and dark matter halo models. We model the dark matter haloes of the galaxies as truncated singular isothermal spheres with velocity dispersion and truncation radius obeying luminosity dependent scaling laws. A homogeneously selected sample of 175 SNe Ia from the first 3-years of the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1 is used to constrain models of the dark matter haloes associated with foreground galaxies. The best-fitting velocity dispersion scaling law agrees well with galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements. We further find that the normalisation of the velocity dispersion of passive and star forming galaxies are consistent with empirical Faber-Jackson and Tully-Fisher relations, respectively. If we make no assumption on the normalisation of these relations, we find that the data prefer gravitational lensing at the 92 per cent confidence level. Using recent models of dust extinction we deduce that the impact of this effect on our results is very small. We also investigate the brightness scatter of SNe Ia due to gravitational lensing. The gravitational lensing scatter is approximately proportional to the SN Ia redshift. We find the constant of proportionality to be B = 0.055 +0.039 -0.041 mag (B < 0.12 mag at the 95 per cent confidence level). If this model is correct, the contribution from lensing to the intrinsic brightness scatter of SNe Ia is small for the SNLS sample.
Dark matter under the microscope: Constraining compact dark matter with caustic crossing events
一个星系团就像是一个宇宙望远镜,在背景星系的上方,但也像是一个透镜缺陷的宇宙显微镜。透镜焦散线的发散放大增强了透镜质量内存在的子结构的微透镜效应。当移动的背景光源在穿过这些焦散时变亮和消失时,可以访问精细尺度结构。最近在星系团MACSJ1149.5+2223的爱因斯坦半径附近发现了一颗遥远的透镜恒星(Kelly et al. 2017),这使得通过超临界的星系团物质柱达到太阳下质量微透镜的机会非常难得。在这里,我们将这些观测结果与高分辨率的光线跟踪模拟进行比较,其中包括由观测到的星团内星光和可能对最近观测到的LIGO事件负责的原始黑洞所设置的恒星微透镜。我们探索不同的方案与微透镜从群内介质和黑洞,包括原始的,并研究策略,利用这些独特的路线。我们发现,最好的约束在小质量制度的紧凑的暗物质的分数可以得到在集群内介质中发挥的作用可以忽略不计的区域。这种新的透镜现象应该是广泛的,可以在适度红移的透镜星系中检测到,这样光度距离就不会对检测单个放大恒星造成阻碍。连续的{ \it哈勃太空望远镜}监测几个这样的最佳弧将得到前所未有的致密物体的质谱,这有助于揭示暗物质的性质。
Disentangling a group of lensed submm galaxies at z~2.9
MS $\,$ 0451.6 $-$ 0305是一个丰富的星系团,其强烈的透镜效应在亚毫米波段尤为突出。我们将新的SCUBA-2数据与Herschel SPIRE和PACS以及HST的成像相结合,以试图了解被透镜化的源的性质。在“巨型亚毫米弧”区域,我们发现了七个多重成像星系(从以前已知的三个),其中六个被发现的红移为$z\sim2.9$,并可能构成一个相互作用的系统。使用一种新的前向建模方法,我们能够同时去融合和适合的SEDs的个别星系,有助于巨大的submm弧,约束他们的尘埃温度,远红外光度和恒星形成率。由SCUBA首先发现的亚毫米弧现在可以看到至少由五个不同的源组成,其中四个位于$z\sim2.9$的星系群内。这个星系群的总非透镜光度是$(3.1\pm0.3) \times 10^{12}\,\mathrm{L}_\odot$,这给出了一个非透镜恒星形成率为$(450\pm50)$ M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$。从这个系统的性质,我们看到没有证据的演化向更低的温度在尘埃温度与远红外光度关系的高红移星系。
Investigating the Dark Energy Constraint from Strongly Lensed AGN at LSST-Scale
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Stanford University(斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所);SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory(SLAC国家加速器实验室);Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院粒子物理与天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校天文学系);Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth(朴茨茅斯大学宇宙学与引力研究所);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学天文学与天体物理学系);Center for Astronomy, Space Science and Astrophysics, Independent University, Bangladesh(孟加拉国独立大学天文学、空间科学与天体物理中心);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University(纽约州立大学石溪分校物理与天文学系)
Enhanced Localization of Dark Lensed Gravitational Wave Events Enables Host Galaxy Identification and Precise Cosmological Inference
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院);Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, and School of Physics, Peking University(北京大学物理学院暨 Kavli 天体物理与天文学研究所);Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Henan Academy of Sciences(河南省科学院引力波天文研究院)
Probing modified gravity with galaxy-cluster-lensed gravitational-wave time delays: impact of systematic effects
Imperial College(帝国理工学院);Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS(巴黎天文台,巴黎文理研究大学,索邦大学,法国国家科学研究中心);Alma Mater Studiorum Universita di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站);INFN - Sezione di Bologna(意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼亚分部)
Constraining Axion-like Particles through Multi-epoch Monitoring of Strong Gravitational Lenses
Universität Bielefeld(比勒费尔德大学);Deutsches Zentrum für Astrophysik(德国天体物理中心);Thüringer Landessternwarte(图林根州立天文台);Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所);High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)(高能加速器研究机构);The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)(高级研究院)
Probing Dark Matter with Strongly Lensed Binary Black Hole Mergers: Prospects in the Near Future
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(国际理论科学中心,塔塔基础研究所);Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong(香港中文大学物理系);Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校物理系)
Dents in the Mirror: A Novel Probe of Dark Matter Substructure in Galaxy Clusters from the Astrometric Asymmetry of Lensed Arcs
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota(明尼苏达大学物理与天文学院);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学天体物理学系);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文系);Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校物理系)
The impact of strong lensing on Hubble constant measurements with gravitational-wave dark sirens
University of Glasgow(格拉斯哥大学);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天文与空间科学研究所);Université Catholique de Louvain(天主教鲁汶大学);Royal Observatory of Belgium(比利时皇家天文台)