利用强引力透镜约束高红移星系中的VLBI光学偏移
Constraining VLBI-optical offsets in high redshift galaxies using strong gravitational lensing
摘要：
我们提出了一个多波长分析的两个高度放大的强引力透镜星系，类B 0712 +472和类B1608+656，在红移$1.34$和$1.394$，分别使用新的VLBI和档案HST观测。我们重建的位置的无线电和光的发射与他们的不确定性，使用Monte Carlo采样。我们发现在B 0712 +472类中，光辐射和射电辐射在$2\pm5$质量（$17\pm 42$ pc，红移为1.34）内是共空间的。但是，在B1608+656类中，我们重建了一个$25\pm16$质量的光-射偏移（$214\pm137$ pc，红移为1.394），这是在如此高的红移下对活动星系核测量到的最小偏移。光谱特征表明B1608+656是一个合并后的星系，结合本文报道的光学VLBI偏移量，使B1608+656成为一个有希望的候选者高$z$偏移活动星系核。此外，VLBI观测的毫角秒角分辨率与精确的透镜模型相结合，使我们能够在空间上定位的无线电发射在$0.05$质量精度（$0.4$ pc）在CLASS B 0712 +472，和$0.009$质量精度（$0.08$ pc）在CLASS B1608+656。在高红移星系中寻找光射电偏移将因即将进行的天气学全天巡天而变得容易，包括E-ELT和SKA，它们预计将发现$\sim 10^5$强透镜星系，开启一个以高角分辨率观测大型强透镜样本的时代。
英文摘要：
We present a multi-wavelength analysis of two highly magnified strong gravitationally lensed galaxies, CLASS B0712+472 and CLASS B1608+656, at redshifts $1.34$ and $1.394$, respectively, using new VLBI and archival HST observations. We reconstruct the positions of the radio and optical emissions with their uncertainties using Monte Carlo sampling. We find that in CLASS B0712+472 the optical and radio emissions are co-spatial within $2\pm5$ mas ($17\pm 42$ pc at redshift of 1.34). But, in CLASS B1608+656, we reconstruct an optical-radio offset of $25\pm16$ mas ($214\pm137$ pc at redshift of 1.394), the smallest offset measured for an AGN at such high redshift. The spectral features indicate that CLASS B1608+656 is a post-merger galaxy, which, in combination with the optical-VLBI offset reported here, makes CLASS B1608+656 a promising candidate for a high-$z$ offset-AGN. Furthermore, the milliarcsecond angular resolution of the VLBI observations combined with the precise lens models allow us to spatially locate the radio emission at $0.05$ mas precision ($0.4$ pc) in CLASS B0712+472, and $0.009$ mas precision ($0.08$ pc) in CLASS B1608+656. The search for optical-radio offsets in high redshift galaxies will be eased by the upcoming synoptic all-sky surveys, including E-ELT and SKA, which are expected to find $\sim 10^5$ strongly lensed galaxies, opening an era of large strong lensing samples observed at high angular resolution.
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