arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 1003.1874quant-ph
收藏

量子纠缠中的相对论效应

Relativistic Effects in Quantum Entanglement

Nicolai Friis

摘要:

量子物理学最基本的现象之一是纠缠。它描述了量子系统之间不可分割的联系及其性质。在量子力学的描述中,即使是相距很远的系统也可以共享一个共同的状态。这种子系统的纠缠,虽然产生于数学原理,但不仅仅是抽象的概念,而是可以在实验中测试,并在现代量子信息理论程序中使用,例如量子隐形传态。特别是,纠缠态通过违反贝尔不等式,在测试我们对现实的理解方面发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然纠缠的作用在非相对论性量子力学领域得到了很好的研究,但它在相对论性量子理论中的意义是一个相对较新的感兴趣的领域。在这项工作中,讨论了量子纠缠的相对论描述的后果。我们分析了狭义相对论的对称群,即洛伦兹群和庞加莱群在希尔伯特态空间上的表示。我们描述了如何酉,不可约的庞加莱群表示的大规模自旋1/2粒子的维格纳的小群表示。然后,我们继续研究的作用下的惯性参考系的变化的量子态的变换的维格纳旋转。考虑两粒子希尔伯特空间的不同划分,我们发现在不同的惯性系中,量子态的纠缠表现出不同的性质,这取决于态的形式、所选择的惯性系以及划分的具体选择。它解释,如何,尽管如此,最大可能违反贝尔不等式是帧独立的,当使用适当的自旋观测,这是相关的保利-Ljubanski矢量,Casimir运营商的庞加莱群。

英文摘要:

One of the most fundamental phenomena of quantum physics is entanglement. It describes an inseparable connection between quantum systems, and properties thereof. In a quantum mechanical description even systems far apart from each other can share a common state. This entanglement of the subsystems, although arising from mathematical principles, is no mere abstract concept, but can be tested in experiment, and be utilized in modern quantum information theory procedures, such as quantum teleportation. In particular, entangled states play a crucial role in testing our understanding of reality, by violating Bell inequalities. While the role of entanglement is well studied in the realm of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, its significance in a relativistic quantum theory is a relatively new field of interest. In this work the consequences of a relativistic description of quantum entanglement are discussed. We analyze the representations of the symmetry groups of special relativity, i.e. of the Lorentz group, and the Poincaré group, on the Hilbert space of states. We describe how unitary, irreducible representations of the Poincaré group for massive spin 1/2 particles are constructed from representations of Wigner's little group. We then proceed to investigate the role of the Wigner rotations in the transformation of quantum states under a change of inertial reference frame. Considering different partitions of the Hilbert space of 2 particles, we find that the entanglement of the quantum states appears different in different inertial frames, depending on the form of the states, the chosen inertial frames, and the particular choice of partition. It is explained, how, despite of this, the maximally possible violation of Bell inequalities is frame independent, when using appropriate spin observables, which are related to the Pauli-Ljubanski vector, a Casimir operator of the Poincaré group.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑