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arXiv 1002.2251q-bio.NCq-bio.QM
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基于MSE的最佳调谐函数分析预测感觉神经元中观察到的现象

MSE-based analysis of optimal tuning functions predicts phenomena observed in sensory neurons

Steve Yaeli, Ron Meir

摘要:

生物系统在实时有效地响应环境信号方面表现出令人印象深刻的能力。越来越多的证据表明,生物体在决策过程中可能确实采用了接近最优的贝叶斯计算。一个有趣的问题涉及最佳编码方法的性质,即确定感官层中神经元群体的性质,以优化性能,受到生理约束。在神经编码/解码的生态理论,我们表明,最佳的贝叶斯性能需要神经适应,反映了环境的变化。具体来说,我们预测,神经元调谐功能具有最佳的宽度,这与先前的不确定性和环境噪声增加,并与解码时间窗口减小。此外,即使是静态的刺激,我们表明,动态的感官调谐功能,在相对较短的时间尺度上,导致性能的提高。有趣的是,最近在几个生物系统中观察到作为时间函数的调谐函数的缩小。这些结果为功能理论奠定了基础,该理论可以解释感觉系统的高可靠性,以及神经元适应在多个时间尺度上发生的效用。

英文摘要:

Biological systems display impressive capabilities in effectively responding to environmental signals in real time. There is increasing evidence that organisms may indeed be employing near optimal Bayesian calculations in their decision-making. An intriguing question relates to the properties of optimal encoding methods, namely determining the properties of neural populations in sensory layers that optimize performance, subject to physiological constraints. Within an ecological theory of neural encoding/decoding, we show that optimal Bayesian performance requires neural adaptation which reflects environmental changes. Specifically, we predict that neuronal tuning functions possess an optimal width, which increases with prior uncertainty and environmental noise, and decreases with the decoding time window. Furthermore, even for static stimuli, we demonstrate that dynamic sensory tuning functions, acting at relatively short time scales, lead to improved performance. Interestingly, the narrowing of tuning functions as a function of time was recently observed in several biological systems. Such results set the stage for a functional theory which may explain the high reliability of sensory systems, and the utility of neuronal adaptation occurring at multiple time scales.

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