来自运动环路的抑制性反馈门控秀丽隐杆线虫的机械感觉加工
Inhibitory feedback from the motor circuit gates mechanosensory processing in C. elegans
AI总结：
本文揭示秀丽隐杆线虫通过转向相关神经元SAA、RIV和/或SMB的抑制性反馈，在AVA上游快速门控机械感觉加工，从而在转向时抑制机械感觉诱发的后退反应。
摘要：
动物必须将感觉线索与当前行为情境整合起来，才能产生合适的反应，但这种整合如何发生尚不清楚。此前，我们开发了高通量方法来探测秀丽隐杆线虫群体中的神经活动，并发现该动物的机械感觉加工会受其运动状态的快速调制。具体而言，我们发现当线虫转向时，它会抑制由机械感觉诱发的后退反应。本文中我们报告，秀丽隐杆线虫利用来自转向相关神经元的抑制性反馈来实现对机械感觉加工的快速调制。通过在行为触发条件下进行高通量光遗传学扰动，我们证明转向相关神经元SAA、RIV和/或SMB在转向期间抑制机械感觉诱发的后退。我们发现，在转向期间激活轻柔触觉机械感觉神经元或任一中间神经元AIZ、RIM、AIB和AVE，比在向前运动期间激活更不容易诱发后退。在转向期间抑制神经元SAA、RIV和SMB，可恢复机械感觉激活诱发后退的可能性。另外，激活前运动中间神经元AVA无论动物正在转向还是向前运动，都会诱发后退。因此我们提出，来自SAA、RIV和/或SMB的抑制信号在神经元AVA上游门控机械感觉信号。我们得出结论：秀丽隐杆线虫依赖来自运动环路的抑制性反馈，在快速时间尺度上调制其对感觉刺激的反应。感觉加工中对运动信号的这种需求，或许可以解释在许多生物体中普遍存在的、遍布全脑（包括感觉加工区域）的运动相关神经活动模式。
英文摘要：
Animals must integrate sensory cues with their current behavioral context to generate a suitable response. How this integration occurs is poorly understood. Previously we developed high throughput methods to probe neural activity in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans and discovered that the animal's mechanosensory processing is rapidly modulated by the animal's locomotion. Specifically we found that when the worm turns it suppresses its mechanosensory-evoked reversal response. Here we report that C. elegans use inhibitory feedback from turning-associated neurons to provide this rapid modulation of mechanosensory processing. By performing high-throughput optogenetic perturbations triggered on behavior, we show that turning associated neurons SAA, RIV and/or SMB suppress mechanosensory-evoked reversals during turns. We find that activation of the gentle-touch mechanosensory neurons or of any of the interneurons AIZ, RIM, AIB and AVE during a turn is less likely to evoke a reversal than activation during forward movement. Inhibiting neurons SAA, RIV and SMB during a turn restores the likelihood with which mechanosensory activation evokes reversals. Separately, activation of premotor interneuron AVA evokes reversals regardless of whether the animal is turning or moving forward. We therefore propose that inhibitory signals from SAA, RIV and/or SMB gate mechanosensory signals upstream of neuron AVA. We conclude that C. elegans rely on inhibitory feedback from the motor circuit to modulate its response to sensory stimuli on fast timescales. This need for motor signals in sensory processing may explain the ubiquity in many organisms of motor-related neural activity patterns seen across the brain, including in sensory processing areas.
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