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arXiv 1002.0025astro-ph.SR
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α ^2犬的磁多普勒成像的所有四个斯托克斯参数。揭开恒星磁场隐藏的复杂性

Magnetic Doppler imaging of alpha^2 Canum Venaticorum in all four Stokes parameters. Unveiling the hidden complexity of stellar magnetic fields

O. Kochukhov, G. A. Wade

摘要:

半个多世纪以来,人们一直在研究主序上部化学奇特星中的强有序磁场。然而,直到最近才有观测方法和数值技术变得足够成熟,使我们能够记录和解释高分辨率的四斯托克斯参数谱,从而导致第一个无反射磁场模型的这些恒星。在这里,我们对典型的磁性Ap星α ^2 CVn的分光偏振观测进行了详细的磁多普勒成像分析。Fe和Cr的表面丰度分布和完整的矢量地图的恒星磁场重建在一个自洽反演使用我们的国家的最先进的磁多普勒成像代码Invers 10。我们成功地再现了α ^2 CVn的分光偏振观测的大部分细节,并绘制了一幅磁图,该磁图结合了类似偶极场的全局拓扑结构和局部的高场强点。我们证明,这些小尺度的磁结构是不可避免地需要适合的线性偏振光谱,但是,它们的存在不能推断从斯托克斯I和V的观测单独。我们对α ^2 CVn的磁多普勒成像分析和之前对53 Cam的结果支持这样的观点,即上部主序星可以拥有相当复杂的表面磁场,这种磁场只有在最大的空间尺度上才类似于斜偶极子。在所有四个斯托克斯参数的光谱是绝对必要的,揭示和有意义的特点,这一领域的复杂性在Ap星。因此,我们认为,理解恒星的磁性在其他部分的H-R图同样是不完整的,没有调查他们的线性偏振光谱。

英文摘要:

Strong organized magnetic fields have been studied in the upper main sequence chemically peculiar stars for more than half a century. However, only recently have observational methods and numerical techniques become sufficiently mature to allow us to record and interpret high-resolution four Stokes parameter spectra, leading to the first assumption-free magnetic field models of these stars. Here we present a detailed magnetic Doppler imaging analysis of the spectropolarimetric observations of the prototypical magnetic Ap star alpha^2 CVn. The surface abundance distributions of Fe and Cr and a full vector map of the stellar magnetic field are reconstructed in a self-consistent inversion using our state-of-the-art magnetic Doppler imaging code Invers10. We succeeded in reproducing most of the details of the available spectropolarimetric observations of alpha^2 CVn with a magnetic map which combines a global dipolar-like field topology with localized spots of higher field intensity. We demonstrate that these small-scale magnetic structures are inevitably required to fit the linear polarization spectra; however, their presence cannot be inferred from the Stokes I and V observations alone. Our magnetic Doppler imaging analysis of alpha^2 CVn and previous results for 53 Cam support the view that the upper main sequence stars can harbour fairly complex surface magnetic fields which resemble oblique dipoles only at the largest spatial scales. Spectra in all four Stokes parameters are absolutely essential to unveil and meaningfully characterize this field complexity in Ap stars. We therefore suggest that understanding magnetism of stars in other parts of the H-R diagram is similarly incomplete without investigation of their linear polarization spectra.

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