TMTS 对 LAMOST 天区的一分钟节奏观测 V：TMTS 周期变星目录的机器学习分类
Minute-Cadence Observations of the LAMOST Fields with the TMTS V. Machine Learning Classification of TMTS Catalogues of Periodic Variable Stars
AI总结：
利用 XGBoost 和随机森林对 TMTS 一分钟节奏巡天获得的11,638颗周期变星进行分类，准确率约98.8%，新发现5301颗变星，并识别出多种类型的变星候选体，展示了 TMTS 在短周期变星搜寻中的能力。
摘要：
周期变星在天体物理学中始终具有重要的科学意义。得益于现代大规模时域巡天的快速发展，已报告的变星数量在过去几十年中大幅增长，这显著加深了我们对恒星结构和双星演化的理解。清华大学-马化腾巡天望远镜（TMTS）自2020年起开始监测 LAMOST 天区，采样节奏为每分钟一次。在2020年至2022年期间，该巡天为约30,000颗在 Lomb-Scargle 周期图中最大功率高于5σ阈值的变星提供了密集采样的光变曲线。在本文中，我们使用 XGBoost 和随机森林分类器对11,638颗变星进行了分类，分为6种主要类型，准确率分别为98.83%和98.73%。其中，5301颗（45.55%）变星为新发现，主要由盾牌座δ型变星组成，这展示了 TMTS 在搜寻短周期变星方面的能力。我们将该目录与盖亚第二次数据发布（DR2）和 LAMOST 第七次数据发布（DR7）进行了交叉匹配，以获取变星的重要物理参数。我们识别出5504颗盾牌座δ型变星（包括4876颗典型盾牌座δ型变星和628颗高振幅盾牌座δ型变星）、5899颗食双星（包括 EA 型、EB 型和 EW 型）以及226颗猎犬座RS型变星候选体。利用 LAMOST 提供的金属丰度数据和银河纬度，我们在“盾牌座δ型变星”类别中发现了8颗 SX 凤凰座型变星候选体。此外，借助盖亚颜色-星等图，我们识别出9颗 ZZ 鲸鱼座型变星。
英文摘要：
Periodic variables are always of great scientific interest in astrophysics. Thanks to the rapid advancement of modern large-scale time-domain surveys, the number of reported variable stars has experienced substantial growth for several decades, which significantly deepened our comprehension of stellar structure and binary evolution. The Tsinghua University-Ma Huateng Telescopes for Survey (TMTS) has started to monitor the LAMOST sky areas since 2020, with a cadence of 1 minute. During the period from 2020 to 2022, this survey has resulted in densely sampled light curves for ~ 30,000 variables of the maximum powers in the Lomb-Scargle periodogram above the 5sigma threshold. In this paper, we classified 11,638 variable stars into 6 main types using XGBoost and Random Forest classifiers with accuracies of 98.83% and 98.73%, respectively. Among them, 5301 (45.55%) variables are newly discovered, primarily consisting of Delta Scuti stars, demonstrating the capability of TMTS in searching for short-period variables. We cross-matched the catalogue with Gaia's second Data Release (DR2) and LAMOST's seventh Data Release (DR7) to obtain important physical parameters of the variables. We identified 5504 Delta Scuti stars (including 4876 typical Delta Scuti stars and 628 high-amplitude Delta Scuti stars), 5899 eclipsing binaries (including EA-, EB- and EW-type) and 226 candidates of RS Canum Venaticorum. Leveraging the metal abundance data provided by LAMOST and the Galactic latitude, we discovered 8 candidates of SX Phe stars within the class of "Delta Scuti stars". Moreover, with the help of Gaia color-magnitude diagram, we identified 9 ZZ ceti stars.
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