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arXiv 0912.3096astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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宇宙中超大质量黑洞的EXIST观点

The EXIST view of Super-Massive Black Holes in the Universe

Roberto Della Ceca, Gabriele Ghisellini, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Luigi Foschini, Giovanni Pareschi, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Paolo Coppi, Josh E. Grindlay, Maria Tere… 展开作者

Roberto Della Ceca, Gabriele Ghisellini, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Luigi Foschini, Giovanni Pareschi, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Paolo Coppi, Josh E. Grindlay, Maria Teresa Fiocchi, Lorenzo Natalucci, Francesca Panessa, Pietro Ubertini

摘要:

由于其大的收集面积,从光学/近红外(0.3至2.2微米)到软/硬X射线(0.1-600千电子伏)的宽带能量覆盖范围,全天空监测能力和机载后续行动,拟议的高能X射线成像巡天望远镜任务(EXIST,见L。Natalucci在这次会议上的贡献)的目的是适当地解决活动星系核现象的研究和SMBH在宇宙中发挥的作用。特别是EXIST将在10 keV以上进行前所未有的调查(与当前和以前的X射线飞行任务相比,硬X射线灵敏度提高了约20倍),不仅在空间上,而且在时间上和在显著扩大的能量范围内,都能探测到SMBH活动;该策略将克服先前的选择偏差,它将打破“多波长”的识别瓶颈,并将大大增加探测到的能量超过10千电子伏的活动星系核的数量,这些活动星系核可以进行详细的后续研究(预计约50000 AGN)。我们在这里讨论一些选定的活动星系核科学的主题,使独特的组合EXIST的仪器。特别是EXIST将在理解方面取得重大进展:i)SMBH在宇宙中何时何地活跃(通过揭示和测量局部- z<0.5 -宇宙中严重模糊的吸积),ii)SMBH如何吸积的物理学(通过研究AGN无偏和重要样本的宽带X射线光谱和变率特性),以及iii)吸积功率和喷流/外流功率之间的联系(通过使用blazar的观测)。最后但并非最不重要的是,EXIST发现强大但非常罕见的耀变体的能力,使其能够探测宇宙中第一个SMBH的出现,使我们能够对SMBH形成和宇宙早期生长的模型设置强有力的限制。

英文摘要:

With its large collection area, broad-band energy coverage from optical/NIR (0.3 to 2.2 micron) to soft/hard X-ray (0.1-600 keV), all-sky monitoring capability, and on-board follow-up, the proposed Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope mission (EXIST, see L. Natalucci contribution at this conference) has been designed to properly tackle the study of the AGN phenomenon and the role that SMBH play in the Universe. In particular EXIST will carry out an unprecedented survey above 10 keV (a factor ~20 increase in hard X-ray sensitivity compared to current and prior X-ray missions) of SMBH activity, not just in space but also in time and over a significant expanded energy range; this strategy will overcome previous selection biases, will break the "multi-wavelength" identification bottleneck and will dramatically increase the number of AGN detected above 10 keV that are amenable to detailed follow-up studies (~50000 AGN are expected). We discuss here on few selected AGN science topics enabled by the unique combination of EXIST's instruments. In particular EXIST will enable major progress in understanding: i) when and where SMBH are active in the Universe (by revealing and measuring heavily obscured accretion in the local - z<0.5 - Universe), ii) the physics of how SMBH accrete (by studying the broad-band X-ray spectra and variability properties of an unbiased and significant sample of AGN), and iii) the link between accretion power and jet/outflow power (by using observations of blazars). Last but not least EXIST's ability to find powerful, but very rare blazars, enables it to probe the appearance of the very first SMBH in the Universe allowing us to set strong constraints on the models of SMBH formation and early growth in the Universe.

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