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arXiv 2104.11752hep-phastro-ph.CO
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早期宇宙中的大量无菌中微子:从热退耦到宇宙学约束

Massive sterile neutrinos in the early universe: From thermal decoupling to cosmological constraints

Leonardo Mastrototaro, Pasquale Dario Serpico, Alessandro Mirizzi, Ninetta Saviano

摘要:

我们考虑相对较重的中微子$ν_H$,主要是对无菌状态$ν_s$的贡献,其质量在10 MeV $\lesssim m_s \lesssim m_π \sim 135$ MeV范围内,这是在早期宇宙中涉及活跃中微子的碰撞过程中热产生的,并在QCD相变后冻结。如果这些中微子在主动中微子去耦后衰变,它们会产生额外的中微子辐射,但也有助于熵产生。因此,它们改变了中微子种类$N_{\rm eff}$的有效数的值,例如通过宇宙微波背景(CMB)测量的,以及影响原始核合成(BBN),特别是${}^4$ He的产生。我们提供了一个详细的说明有关玻尔兹曼方程的解决方案。我们还确定了当前普朗克卫星数据所允许的参数空间,并预测了未来第4阶段地基CMB观测所探测的参数空间,预计将匹配或超过BBN灵敏度。

英文摘要:

We consider relatively heavy neutrinos $ν_H$, mostly contributing to a sterile state $ν_s$, with mass in the range 10 MeV $\lesssim m_s \lesssim m_π \sim 135$ MeV, which are thermally produced in the early universe in collisional processes involving active neutrinos, and freezing out after the QCD phase transition. If these neutrinos decay after the active neutrino decoupling, they generate extra neutrino radiation, but also contribute to entropy production. Thus, they alter the value of the effective number of neutrino species $N_{\rm eff}$ as for instance measured by the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as well as affect primordial nucleosynthesis (BBN), notably ${}^4$He production. We provide a detailed account of the solution of the relevant Boltzmann equations. We also identify the parameter space allowed by current Planck satellite data and forecast the parameter space probed by future Stage-4 ground-based CMB observations, expected to match or surpass BBN sensitivity.

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