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arXiv 0910.2270astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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G20 .08-0.14 N中O星团的分级吸积形成

Formation of an O-Star Cluster by Hierarchical Accretion in G20.08-0.14 N

Roberto Galván-Madrid, Eric Keto, Qizhou Zhang, Stan Kurtz, Luis F. Rodríguez, Paul T. P. Ho

摘要:

对G20.08-0.14 N中电离气体和分子气体的谱线和连续谱观测探索了在这个大质量恒星形成区域中在一系列空间尺度上的吸积动力学。甚大星阵在4“角分辨率上对NH_3的观测表明,在一个具有三个小而明亮的HII区的星团周围和内部存在着大尺度(0.5 pc)的分子吸积流。用亚毫米波阵对热核分子(CH_3CN、OCS和SO_2)的高分辨率(0.4“)观测和用VLA对NH_3的高分辨率观测表明,两个最亮和最小的HII区本身被较小尺度(0.05pc)的吸积流所包围。大尺度流和小尺度流的旋转轴是一致的,星云收缩的时间尺度很短,只有0.1百万年,大尺度吸积流在恒星形成的时间尺度内向小尺度提供了大量的质量。从大尺度到小尺度,流动结构是连续的、有层次的。在0.4”角分辨率下的毫米射电复合线(RRL)观测表明,在最亮的HII区域(A)内,电离气体发生了旋转和外流。宽复合线和连续光谱能量分布(SED),从厘米到毫米波长连续上升,都是被称为“宽复合线对象”的HII区域的类的特性。SED表明在HII区内存在密度梯度,RRL表明存在超音速流。这些观察结果与旋转扁平分子吸积流内部的光蒸发是一致的。我们还报道了一个新的NH_3(3,3)脉泽的偶然发现。

英文摘要:

Spectral line and continuum observations of the ionized and molecular gas in G20.08-0.14 N explore the dynamics of accretion over a range of spatial scales in this massive star-forming region. Very Large Array observations of NH_3 at 4'' angular resolution show a large-scale (0.5 pc) molecular accretion flow around and into a star cluster with three small, bright HII regions. Higher resolution (0.4'') observations with the Submillimeter Array in hot core molecules (CH_3CN, OCS, and SO_2) and the VLA in NH_3, show that the two brightest and smallest HII regions are themselves surrounded by smaller scale (0.05 pc) accretion flows. The axes of rotation of the large- and small-scale flows are aligned, and the timescale for the contraction of the cloud is short enough, 0.1 Myr, for the large-scale accretion flow to deliver significant mass to the smaller scales within the star formation timescale. The flow structure appears to be continuous and hierarchical from larger to smaller scales. Millimeter radio recombination line (RRL) observations at 0.4" angular resolution indicate rotation and outflow of the ionized gas within the brightest HII region (A). The broad recombination lines and a continuum spectral energy distribution (SED) that rises continuously from cm to mm wavelengths, are both characteristic of the class of HII regions known as "broad recombination line objects". The SED indicates a density gradient inside this HII region, and the RRLs suggest supersonic flows. These observations are consistent with photoevaporation of the inner part of the rotationally flattened molecular accretion flow. We also report the serendipitous detection of a new NH_3 (3,3) maser.

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