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arXiv 1401.6261astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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基于星系形成层次的r过程元素化学演化新模型I:Ba和Eu

The New Model of Chemical Evolution of r-process Elements Based on The Hierarchical Galaxy Formation I: Ba and Eu

Yutaka Komiya, Shimako Yamada, Takuma Suda, Masayuki Y. Fujimoto

摘要:

利用半解析合并树研究了银河系晕早期演化阶段中r过程元素的化学富集,并在层次星系形成的框架内进行了讨论.在本文中,我们专注于重r-过程元素,Ba和Eu,极贫金属(EMP)星,并给出其天文位置的限制。我们的模型考虑到了星际物质吸积(ISM)对EMP星表面丰度的影响。我们还考虑了星系风引起的星系际介质金属富集以及由此产生的原星系的预富集。以低质量端核心坍缩超新星的$\sim 10\%$($\sim 10M_{\odot}$)作为主要的r过程源和$\sim 10^{-10} \hbox{yr}^{-1}$的恒星形成效率,我们的分级模型很好地再现了观测到的r过程丰度的趋势和分散性。对于作为r-过程源的中子星合并,它们的合并时间尺度必须是$ \sim 10^7$年,事件发生率必须是银河系中目前观测到的$\sim 100$倍。我们发现,对于[Ba/H] <-3.5的恒星,ISM吸积是r过程元素的主要来源。在这个模型中,大多数[Fe/H] < -3的恒星形成时不含r过程元素,但它们的表面受到ISM吸积的污染。在EMP星表面,预富集作用对原星系的$\sim 4\%$的影响远大于ISM吸积作用。

英文摘要:

We investigate the chemical enrichment of r-process elements in the early evolutionary stages of the Milky Way halo within the framework of hierarchical galaxy formation using a semi-analytic merger tree. In this paper, we focus on heavy r-process elements, Ba and Eu, of extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars and give constraints on their astronomical sites. Our models take into account changes of the surface abundances of EMP stars by the accretion of interstellar matter (ISM). We also consider metal-enrichment of intergalactic medium (IGM) by galactic winds and the resultant pre-enrichment of proto-galaxies. The trend and scatter of the observed r-process abundances are well reproduced by our hierarchical model with $\sim 10\%$ of core-collapse supernovae in low-mass end ($\sim 10M_{\odot}$) as a dominant r-process source and the star formation efficiency of $\sim 10^{-10} \hbox{yr}^{-1}$. For neutron star mergers as an r-process source, their coalescence timescale has to be $ \sim 10^7$yrs, and the event rates $\sim 100$ times larger than currently observed in the Galaxy. We find that the accretion of ISM is a dominant source of r-process elements for stars with [Ba/H] < -3.5. In this model, a majority of stars at [Fe/H] < -3 are formed without r-process elements but their surfaces are polluted by the ISM accretion. The pre-enrichment affects $\sim 4\%$ of proto-galaxies, and yet, is surpassed by the ISM accretion in the surface of EMP stars.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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