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arXiv 1604.02192astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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分等级星系形成过程中的盘和凸起的生长。一:快速进化与长期进程

The growth of disks and bulges during hierarchical galaxy formation. I: fast evolution vs secular processes

Chiara Tonini, Simon J. Mutch, Darren J. Croton, J. Stuart B. Wyithe

摘要:

我们提出了一个理论模型的质量,角动量和星系盘和隆起的大小的演变,我们将其实施到半解析星系形成代码SAGE。该模型遵循长期和暴力的演化通道,包括平滑吸积,磁盘不稳定性,小和大合并。我们发现,我们的配方与层次聚类相结合,产生两个不同的人口的凸起:合并驱动的凸起,类似于经典的凸起和椭圆,和不稳定性驱动的凸起,类似于世俗(或伪)凸起。该模型主要再现了气体盘和恒星盘的质量-尺寸关系、椭圆星系质量-尺寸关系的演化、Faber-Jackson关系以及经典和长期膨胀的星等-色图。该模型预测只有一个小的重叠合并驱动和不稳定性驱动的组件在同一个星系,并预测不同的凸起类型作为星系质量和磁盘分数的函数。在给定的光度下,膨胀类型也会影响恒星的形成速率和颜色。该模型预测人口合并驱动的红色椭圆星系,占主导地位的低质量和高质量的两端的星系人口,并跨越所有的动力学年龄;合并驱动的鼓包在磁盘星系的动力学年龄,并不干扰后续的恒星形成组件的演变。不稳定性驱动的膨胀在中等星系质量的人口中占主导地位,特别是在巨大的磁盘中。模型绿谷是专门由不稳定驱动的凸出主机。通过本实施的质量吸积的历史是可感知的星系结构,形态和颜色。

英文摘要:

We present a theoretical model for the evolution of mass, angular momentum and size of galaxy disks and bulges, and we implement it into the semi-analytic galaxy formation code SAGE. The model follows both secular and violent evolutionary channels, including smooth accretion, disk instabilities, minor and major mergers. We find that the combination of our recipe with hierarchical clustering produces two distinct populations of bulges: merger-driven bulges, akin to classical bulges and ellipticals, and instability-driven bulges, akin to secular (or pseudo-)bulges. The model mostly reproduces the mass-size relation of gaseous and stellar disks, the evolution of the mass-size relation of ellipticals, the Faber-Jackson relation, and the magnitude-colour diagram of classical and secular bulges. The model predicts only a small overlap of merger-driven and instability-driven components in the same galaxy, and predicts different bulge types as a function of galaxy mass and disk fraction. Bulge type also affects the star formation rate and colour at a given luminosity. The model predicts a population of merger-driven red ellipticals that dominate both the low-mass and high-mass ends of the galaxy population, and span all dynamical ages; merger-driven bulges in disk galaxies are dynamically old and do not interfere with subsequent evolution of the star-forming component. Instability-driven bulges dominate the population at intermediate galaxy masses, especially thriving in massive disks. The model green valley is exclusively populated by instability-driven bulge hosts. Through the present implementation the mass accretion history is perceivable in the galaxy structure, morphology and colours.

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