The main astronomical source of r-process elements has not yet been identified. One plausible site is neutron star mergers (NSMs), but from perspective of the Galactic chemical evolution, it has been pointed out that NSMs cannot reproduce the observed r-process abundance distribution of metal-poor stars at [Fe/H] $< -3$. Recently, Tsujimoto & Shigeyama (2014) pointed out that NSM ejecta can spread into much larger volume than ejecta from a supernova. We re-examine the enrichment of r-process elements by NSMs considering this difference in propagation using the chemical evolution model under the hierarchical galaxy formation. The observed r-process enhanced stars around [Fe/H] $\sim -3$ are reproduced if the star formation efficiency is lower for low-mass galaxies under a realistic delay time distribution for NSMs. We show that a significant fraction of NSM ejecta escape from its host proto-galaxy to pollute intergalactic matter and other proto-galaxies. The propagation of r-process elements over proto-galaxies changes the abundance distribution at [Fe/H] $< -3$ and obtains distribution compatible with observations of the Milky Way halo stars. In particular, the pre-enrichment of intergalactic medium explains the observed scarcity of EMP stars without Ba and abundance distribution of r-process elements at [Fe/H] $\lesssim -3.5$.
Mass and rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in young, globular and nuclear star clusters
分级合并是双黑洞形成的一个显著特征。在这里,我们提出了一个快速的半解析方法来模拟核星团(NSC),球状星团(GC)和年轻星团(YSC)的层次合并。由于逃逸速度的不同,神经干细胞中的层级合并比GC和YSC中的层级合并更常见。分级BBH的质量分布强烈地依赖于第一代BBH的性质,例如它们的祖先的金属丰度。在我们的基准模型中,我们在NSC中形成质量高达$\sim{}10^3$ M $_\odot$的黑洞(BH),在GC和YSC中形成质量高达$\sim{}10^2$ M $_\odot$的黑洞。当逃逸速度超过100 km~s $^{-1}$时,NSC中允许形成质量为$>10^3$ M $_\odot$的黑洞.等级合并导致的对不稳定的质量间隙和中等质量的黑洞的形成,但只在贫金属的环境。在我们的模型中,局部BBH合并率范围为$\sim{}10$至$\sim{} 60$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$ ;神经干细胞中的分级BBH占$\sim{}10^{-2}- 0.2$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$,具有$\sim{}10$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$的强上限。当我们的模型与第二个引力波瞬态目录比较时,我们发现多个形成通道有利于重现所观察到的BBH人口。
Hierarchical Triples vs. Globular Clusters: Binary black hole merger eccentricity distributions compete and evolve with redshift
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国立天文台,国立自然科学研究所);Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge(剑桥大学应用数学与理论物理系);Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge(卡弗里宇宙学剑桥研究所);H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory(H.H.威尔斯物理实验室);Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学加拿大理论天体物理学研究所);Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内库克天文学研究所);Gravity Exploration Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University(卡迪夫大学物理与天文学院重力探索研究所);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣地亚哥分校天文与天体物理系);Adler Planetarium(阿德勒天文馆);Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University(西北大学天体物理跨学科探索与研究中心);NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)(NSF-Simons 天空人工智能研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University(莫纳什大学物理与天文学院);OzGrav: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(澳大利亚研究委员会引力波发现卓越中心)
Black Hole Mergers from Hierarchical Triples in Dense Star Clusters
在球状星团的核心中,频繁的双星介导的相互作用有望产生等级三元组。在某些三重星系中,第三伴星可以在大偏心率振荡后驱动内双星合并,这是偏心Kozai-Lidov机制的结果。在本文中,我们研究的动力学和合并率的黑洞(BH)的层次三元组,形成通过二进制-二进制遇到的CMC集群目录,一套集群模拟与当今的银河系的球状星团的属性代表。我们比较了稠密星团中三重星系与其他合并通道的合并性质,结果表明,三重星系在质量和有效自旋分布方面没有产生显着差异。然而,它们代表了形成偏心合并的重要途径,可以通过LIGO-Virgo/KAGRA(LVK)以及未来的任务,如LISA和DECIGO来检测。我们推导出一个保守的下限合并率从这个渠道的$0.35$ Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$在本地宇宙和高达$\sim9\%$这些事件可能有一个可检测的偏心率在LVK设计灵敏度。此外,我们发现,三重系统可以发挥重要作用,在保留第二代BH,它可以稍后再次合并在主机集群的核心。
Discovery of an Extremely Luminous Type II Cepheid in the Andromeda Giant Stellar Stream: Evidence for a Hierarchical Triple with an Inner Binary Merger
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院);South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University(云南大学西南天文研究所);Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学物理与天文学院)
Stellar mergers and chemical element mixing: implications for the metamorphic stellar evolution in AGN disks
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学理论天体物理研究所);TAPIR, MC 350-17, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校天文与天体物理系);Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University(清华大学高等研究院);Department of Astronomy, Westlake University(西湖大学天文系)
Isolated and dynamical black hole mergers with \texttt{B-POP}: the role of star formation and dynamics, star cluster evolution, natal kicks, mass and spins, and hierarchical mergers
目前对LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA数据的解释表明,在红移$z\lesssim 1$处合并二元黑洞(BBH)的主要质量函数包含多种结构,而自旋相对较低。BBH形成在不同的环境中的理论模型可以提供一个关键来解释所观察到的合并人口,但它们需要同时处理恒星演化和动力学,星系演化和广义相对论。我们提出了\texttt{B-POP},人口的合成工具来模拟BBH合并形成的领域或通过动态相互作用在年轻的,球状的,和核集群。使用\texttt{B-POP},我们探讨如何BH形成渠道,星团演化,层次合并,和出生BH属性影响人口的BBH合并。我们发现,BBH合并的初始质量分布延伸到$M_1 \simeq 200\,{}$ M $_\odot$之外,并且有效自旋参数分布暗示了单个和二元BH的不同的出生自旋。观测到的BBH可以被解释为一个由$\sim 34\% \,{}(66\%)$孤立(动态)BBH组成的混合种群的成员,后者可能在红移$z>1$处占主导地位。分层合并构成了参考模型中所有合并的$4.6-7.9\%$,支配着$M_1 > 65\,{}$ M $_\odot$以外的主要质量分布。包括集群的质量损失和膨胀的原因突然下降的概率超过第三代合并发生。考虑到观测偏差,我们发现模拟合并的$2.7-7.5\%$涉及通过恒星碰撞形成的中等质量黑洞(IMBH)种子。将该百分比与观测值进行比较可能有助于我们限制…
Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers at High Redshift: Predictions for LISA and LGWA from SEEDZ
Maynooth University(梅努斯大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);University College Cork(科克大学学院);Georgia Institute of Technology(佐治亚理工学院);Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)
Revealing the $χ_{\rm eff}$-$q$ Correlation among Coalescing Binary Black Holes and Tentative Evidence for AGN-driven Hierarchical Mergers
Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室);Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, Zhejiang University of Technology(浙江理工大学理论物理与宇宙学研究所);School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古大学物理科学与技术学院);School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院)
The Impact of High-Mass Clusters on the Binary Black Hole Merger Rate over Cosmic Time
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill(北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校);University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣地亚哥分校);Northwestern University(西北大学);Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA)(天体物理学跨学科探索与研究中心)
GASTRO library II: Exploring Chemical Bimodalities in Disk Galaxies with GSE-like Mergers and Massive Star-forming Clumps
Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学);Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)(巴塞罗那大学宇宙科学研究所);Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS(巴黎天文台);Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo(东京大学 Kavli 宇宙物理数学研究所);University of Lancashire(兰开夏大学);Observatório Nacional(巴西国家天文台);University of Chicago(芝加哥大学)
Mergers may not be the main channel for galaxy stellar mass growth at redshift $z\gtrsim5$: Predictions from cosmological hierarchical models and simulations
Fudan University(复旦大学);Argelander-Institut für Astronomie(阿尔加德纳天文研究所);University of Southampton(南安普顿大学);SISSA(国际高等研究学院);IFPU(弗里乌利基础物理研究所);INFN, Sezione di Trieste(意大利国家核物理研究院的里雅斯特分部);IRA-INAF(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿雷佐分部);Scuola Normale Superiore(比萨高等师范学院);Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University(达勒姆大学物理学院计算宇宙学研究所)
Orbital Migration of Interacting Stellar Mass Black Holes in Disks around Supermassive Black Holes. III. Mass Distribution of Hierarchical Mergers
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所计算天体物理学中心);Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History(美国自然历史博物馆天体物理系);Department of Science, CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community College(纽约市立大学曼哈顿社区学院科学系);Physics Program, CUNY Graduate Center(纽约市立大学研究生中心物理项目);Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies(海德堡理论研究所);Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut(海德堡大学天文中心天文计算研究所)
Smoking-gun evidence for hierarchical black-hole mergers
Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室);Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, Zhejiang University of Technology(浙江理工大学理论物理与宇宙学研究所);School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院)
Investigating the formation channel of GW231123: Population III stars or hierarchical mergers?
Sapienza, Università di Roma(罗马大学);Tor Vergata, Università di Roma(罗马第二大学);INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(罗马天文台);INFN, Sezione di Roma I(罗马第一国家核物理研究所);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所)