通过等级方案形成大星系团：进一步的结果
The Formation of Large Galactic Disks Through The Hierarchical Scenario: Further consequences
摘要：
利用对遥远星系的最深入和最完整的观测，我们研究了当今大螺旋星系的祖先。观测包括空间分辨的运动学，详细的形态和测光从紫外线到中红外线。六十亿年前，一半的今天的螺旋经历重大合并，证明了他们的异常运动学和形态的星爆。因此，它们使用合并的流体动力学模型进行建模，并且与最先进的ΛCDM半经验模型的合并率预测完全匹配。此外，像M31或NGC5907这样的本地星系晕上的印记很可能是由主要的合并遗迹造成的。这表明，层次的情况下发挥了重要作用，在塑造大质量星系的哈勃序列。将不同时期的星系属性联系起来是充分理解星系形成过程的最佳途径，我们已经通过生成一系列富含气体的合并模拟来测试这种联系。合并已经在星系晕和更远的地方排出了物质，这可能解释了银河系（MW）质量星系中60%的重子缺失。M31过去的一次大合并可能会极大地影响我们对本星系群星系的理解，包括MW矮星。我们还提出了未来的方向，以观测约束星系模拟中的必要成分。
英文摘要：
Using the deepest and most complete observations of distant galaxies, we investigate the progenitors of present-day large spirals. Observations include spatially-resolved kinematics, detailed morphologies and photometry from UV to mid-IR. Six billions years ago, half of the present-day spirals were starbursts experiencing major mergers, evidenced by their anomalous kinematics and morphologies. They are consequently modeled using hydrodynamics models of mergers and it perfectly matches with merger rate predictions by state-of-the-art-ΛCDM semi-empirical models. Furthermore imprints in the halo of local galaxies such as M31 or NGC5907 are likely caused by major merger relics. This suggests that the hierarchical scenario has played a major role in shaping the massive galaxies of the Hubble sequence. Linking galaxy properties at different epochs is the best way to fully understand galaxy formation processes and we have tested such a link through generated series of simulations of gas-rich mergers. Mergers have expelled material in galactic haloes and beyond, possibly explaining 60% of the missing baryons in Milky-Way (MW) mass galaxies. A past major merger in M31 might affect drastically our understanding of Local Group galaxies, including MW dwarves. We also propose future directions to observationally constrain the necessary ingredients in galaxy simulations.
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