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arXiv 2106.03347astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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磁化原子冷却气体云中的超大质量恒星形成:增强的吸积、间歇性碎裂和连续性合并

Supermassive Star Formation in Magnetized Atomic-Cooling Gas Clouds: Enhanced Accretion, Intermittent Fragmentation, and Continuous Mergers

Shingo Hirano, Masahiro N. Machida, Shantanu Basu

摘要:

早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞(具有$\gtrsim\!10^9\,M_{\odot}$)的起源(红移$z \sim 7$)仍然知之甚少。大质量原始气体云的引力坍缩是一个有希望的初始过程,但理论研究很难使黑洞增长得足够快。我们专注于恒星形成的磁场效应,发生在一个原子冷却的气体云。利用三维磁流体动力学(MHD)模拟方法,研究了不同初始磁场强度下磁化原子冷却气体云中恒星的形成过程。我们的模拟结果表明,原始的磁性种子场可以迅速放大的早期吸积阶段后的第一个原恒星形成。强磁场有效地从吸积气体中提取角动量,提高吸积速率,导致引力不稳定盘区的高碎裂速率。另一方面,由于磁场的作用,角动量的转移也增强了碎片的聚并速率。几乎所有的碎片都合并成主星,因此大质量恒星的质量增长率由于磁场效应而增加。我们的结论是,磁效应支持超大质量恒星形成的直接坍缩方案。

英文摘要:

The origin of supermassive black holes (with $\gtrsim\!10^9\,M_{\odot}$) in the early universe (redshift $z \sim 7$) remains poorly understood. Gravitational collapse of a massive primordial gas cloud is a promising initial process, but theoretical studies have difficulty growing the black hole fast enough. We focus on the magnetic effects on star formation that occurs in an atomic-cooling gas cloud. Using a set of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we investigate the star formation process in the magnetized atomic-cooling gas cloud with different initial magnetic field strengths. Our simulations show that the primordial magnetic seed field can be quickly amplified during the early accretion phase after the first protostar formation. The strong magnetic field efficiently extracts angular momentum from accreting gas and increases the accretion rate, which results in the high fragmentation rate in the gravitationally unstable disk region. On the other hand, the coalescence rate of fragments is also enhanced by the angular momentum transfer due to the magnetic effects. Almost all the fragments coalesce to the primary star, so the mass growth rate of the massive star increases due to the magnetic effects. We conclude that the magnetic effects support the direct collapse scenario of supermassive star formation.

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