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arXiv 2303.07590astro-ph.GA
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第一个超大质量黑洞形成过程中超竞争吸积的物理起源

The physical origin of super-competitive accretion during the formation of the first supermassive black holes

Dominik R. G. Schleicher, Bastián Reinoso, Ralf S. Klessen

摘要:

数值模拟显示了一种被称为“超级竞争吸积”的情况的发生,这个术语描述了一种情况,即只有中心的少数天体变得超大质量,而大量的恒星竞争储存库,具有$\gtrsim0.1$ M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$的显著吸积流。这种情况特别意味着,碎片的存在不一定会阻碍中心大质量物体的形成。我们在这里探索这种现象,通过碰撞和吸积增长的分析估计,考虑由于自引力以及邦迪-霍伊尔吸积吸积。特别是,我们探讨了在什么条件下的吸积到中心的大质量的对象打破,并得出一个标准,取决于质量最大的对象的质量和质量的碎片。对于尺寸约为$0.1$ ~pc的致密团簇,我们进一步发现碰撞引起的质量增长与吸积引起的质量增长是相当的。通过与数值模拟的比较,我们的结果得到了验证,我们总体上得出结论,超竞争吸积是一个有效的机制,在早期宇宙中形成非常大的物体。

英文摘要:

Numerical simulations have shown the occurence of a scenario termed ''super-competitive accretion'', a term that describes a situation where only the central few objects grow supermassive while a larger number of stars compete for the reservoir, with significant accretion flows of $\gtrsim0.1$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. This scenario particularly implies that the presence of fragmentation will not necessarily impeed the formation of a central massive object. We here explore this phenomenon using analytical estimates for growth via collisions and accretion, considering accretion due to self-gravity as well as Bondi-Hoyle accretion. Particularly, we explore under what conditions the accretion onto the central massive object breaks down, and derive a criterion that depends on the mass of the most massive object and the mass in fragments. For compact clusters with sizes about $0.1$~pc, we further find that the mass growth by collisions is comparable to the growth via accretion. Our results are validated through the comparison with numerical simulations, and we overall conclude that super-competitive accretion is a valid mechanism for the formation of very massive objects in the early Universe.

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