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arXiv 0909.2536hep-phhep-th
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捏技术:理论与应用

Pinch Technique: Theory and Applications

D. Binosi, J. Papavassiliou

摘要:

本文综述了夹点技术的理论基础和最重要的物理应用。这种方法允许在非阿贝尔规范理论中构造出与规范固定参数无关的、满足无鬼沃德恒等式的离壳格林函数。我们首先给出QCD中该技术的图解公式,在一个圈上导出了与规范无关的胶子自能、夸克胶子顶点和三胶子顶点,以及它们的阿贝尔沃德恒等式。对具有自发对称性破缺的理论进行了详细的推广,并在标准模型的电弱扇区内解释了与光学定理和色散关系的联系。阐述了背景场方法中PT和Feynman规范的等价性,并对两种方法的主要区别进行了批判性的审视。介绍了Batalin-Vilkovisky量子化方法和代数重整化的一般形式,并对PT的全阶推广进行了深入的研究。本文系统地介绍了将PT方法推广到QCD Schwinger-Dyson方程的非微扰区域,并讨论了由此得到的自洽截断格式的主要优点。大量的物理应用依赖于PT的评论,如规范独立的离壳形状因子的定义,非阿贝尔有效电荷的建设,规范不变的治疗共振跃迁振幅和不稳定的粒子,和动态生成的有效胶子质量。

英文摘要:

We review the theoretical foundations and most important physical applications of the Pinch Technique (PT). This method allows the construction of off-shell Green's functions in non-Abelian gauge theories that are independent of the gauge-fixing parameter and satisfy ghost-free Ward identities. We first present the diagrammatic formulation of the technique in QCD, deriving at one loop the gauge independent gluon self-energy, quark-gluon vertex, and three-gluon vertex, together with their Abelian Ward identities. The generalization to theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking is carried out in detail, and the connection with the optical theorem and the dispersion relations are explained within the electroweak sector of the Standard Model. The equivalence between the PT and the Feynman gauge of the Background Field Method (BFM) is elaborated, and the crucial differences between the two methods are critically scrutinized. The Batalin-Vilkovisky quantization method and the general formalism of algebraic renormalization are introduced, and the all-order generalization of the PT is thoroughly examined. The extension of the PT to the non-perturbative domain of the QCD Schwinger-Dyson equations is presented systematically, and the main advantages of the resulting self-consistent truncation scheme are discussed. A plethora of physical applications relying on the PT are reviewed, such as the definition of gauge-independent off-shell form-factors, the construction of non-Abelian effective charges, the gauge-invariant treatment of resonant transition amplitudes and unstable particles, and the dynamical generation of an effective gluon mass.

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