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arXiv 0908.0283gr-qc
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假真空泡的动力学：超越薄壳近似

Dynamics of false vacuum bubbles: beyond the thin shell approximation

Jakob Hansen, Dong-il Hwang, Dong-han Yeom

备注：
40 pages, 41 figures
发表信息：
JHEP 0911:016,2009
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摘要：

我们数值研究了假真空气泡的动力学，它是在一个几乎平坦的背景，我们假设球对称和气泡的大小小于背景视界的大小。根据薄壳近似和零能量条件，如果气泡在史瓦西黑洞之外，除非我们假设Farhi-Guth-Guven隧穿，否则膨胀和暴胀解是不可能的。在本文中，我们将我们的方法扩展到薄壳近似之外：我们包括场的动力学，并假设真真空和假真空之间的过渡层具有非零厚度。如果一个壳层的能量足够低，正如薄壳近似所预期的那样，它会坍缩（类型1）。然而，如果壳具有足够大的能量，它倾向于膨胀。在这里，通过场动力学，壳内部的场值缓慢地滚降到真正的真空，因此壳不会膨胀（类型2）。如果我们加入足够多的奇异物质来正则化壳层附近的曲率，暴胀就有可能在不假设法希-古斯-古文隧穿的情况下发生。在这种情况下，在壳周围动态生成一个虫洞（类型3）。通过调整我们的模拟参数，我们可以找到类型1和类型2之间以及类型2和类型3之间的转换。在类型2和类型3之间，我们可以找到另一类解（类型4）。最后，我们讨论了泡沫宇宙的产生和对么正性的破坏。我们的结论是，存在某种组合的奇异物质场违反幺正性。

英文摘要：

We numerically study the dynamics of false vacuum bubbles which are inside an almost flat background; we assumed spherical symmetry and the size of the bubble is smaller than the size of the background horizon. According to the thin shell approximation and the null energy condition, if the bubble is outside of a Schwarzschild black hole, unless we assume Farhi-Guth-Guven tunneling, expanding and inflating solutions are impossible. In this paper, we extend our method to beyond the thin shell approximation: we include the dynamics of fields and assume that the transition layer between a true vacuum and a false vacuum has non-zero thickness. If a shell has sufficiently low energy, as expected from the thin shell approximation, it collapses (Type 1). However, if the shell has sufficiently large energy, it tends to expand. Here, via the field dynamics, field values of inside of the shell slowly roll down to the true vacuum and hence the shell does not inflate (Type 2). If we add sufficient exotic matters to regularize the curvature near the shell, inflation may be possible without assuming Farhi-Guth-Guven tunneling. In this case, a wormhole is dynamically generated around the shell (Type 3). By tuning our simulation parameters, we could find transitions between Type 1 and Type 2, as well as between Type 2 and Type 3. Between Type 2 and Type 3, we could find another class of solutions (Type 4). Finally, we discuss the generation of a bubble universe and the violation of unitarity. We conclude that the existence of a certain combination of exotic matter fields violates unitarity.

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