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arXiv 1706.04523hep-thgr-qchep-ph
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黑洞催化的假真空衰变

False Vacuum Decay Catalyzed by Black Holes

Kyohei Mukaida, Masaki Yamada

备注：
34 pages, 13 figures (v2: published version, minor revisions of the text, conclusions remain unchanged)
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. D 96, 103514 (2017)
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摘要：

在量子场论中，假真空态是亚稳态的，由于量子隧穿效应，真真空泡可以成核。最近有人提出，蒸发的黑洞（BH）可以是气泡成核的催化剂，并显着缩短假真空的寿命。特别是，在标准模型在一定能量尺度下有效的情况下，即使是一个蒸发的BH也可能通过诱导我们的电弱真空的衰变来破坏成功的宇宙学。在本文中，我们重新解释催化真空衰变的BH，使用一个有效的行动，薄壁气泡周围的BH澄清反弹解决方案的意义。我们计算反弹的解决方案，在一个平坦的时空的限制和可忽略的反作用的度量，它是更容易理解的物理意义，并比较这些结果与文献中完成的完整计算。因此，我们给出了增强因子的物理解释：它只不过是产生具有有限能量的态的概率。这清楚地表明，所有其他状态，如等离子体，也应该通过相同的机制产生，并要求有限密度修正的隧道速率，往往稳定的假真空。我们还澄清，占主导地位的过程总是一致的周期性表示的BH霍金温度求和后，在所有可能的剩余BH质量或气泡能量，虽然每个反弹解决方案作为一个功能的剩余BH的周期性可以是完全不同的系统的逆温度在以前的文献中提到的。

英文摘要：

False vacuum states are metastable in quantum field theories, and true vacuum bubbles can be nucleated due to the quantum tunneling effect. It was recently suggested that an evaporating black hole (BH) can be a catalyst of bubble nucleations and dramatically shortens the lifetime of the false vacuum. In particular, in the context of the Standard Model valid up to a certain energy scale, even a single evaporating BH may spoil the successful cosmology by inducing the decay of our electroweak vacuum. In this paper, we reinterpret catalyzed vacuum decay by BHs, using an effective action for a thin-wall bubble around a BH to clarify the meaning of bounce solutions. We calculate bounce solutions in the limit of a flat spacetime and in the limit of negligible backreaction to the metric, where it is much easier to understand the physical meaning, and compare these results with the full calculations done in the literature. As a result, we give a physical interpretation of the enhancement factor: it is nothing but the probability of producing states with a finite energy. This makes it clear that all the other states such as plasma should also be generated through the same mechanism, and calls for finite-density corrections to the tunneling rate which tend to stabilize the false vacuum. We also clarify that the dominant process is always consistent with the periodicity indicated by the BH Hawking temperature after summing over all possible remnant BH masses or bubble energies, although the periodicity of each bounce solution as a function of a remnant BH can be completely different from the inverse temperature of the system as mentioned in the previous literature.

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