AI 中文总结
研究黑洞附近标量场假真空的衰变，明确黑洞质量不同时衰变机制存在差异，大黑洞以量子隧穿为主、中等黑洞以非球对称热涨落泡为主、小黑洞以球对称全视界热涨落泡为主。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了在霍金温度下与环境达到热平衡的（3+1）维史瓦西黑洞附近的标量场假真空衰变。我们的标量场模型具有负四次自耦合，因此在大场极限下类似于标准模型的希格斯部分。我们证明，如果黑洞不是太小，该模型中的假真空会相对于黑洞中心非球对称地衰变：通过在事件视界外侧形成膨胀的真真空泡。更具体地说，我们确定了三种衰变机制：对于最大且最冷的黑洞，主要机制是量子隧穿，由位于视界某点的无限薄 bounce（ bounce 指瞬子构型）描述；在中等质量黑洞区域，真空被热涨落破坏，在视界附近形成非球对称的临界泡；最后，在最小的黑洞附近，热涨落仍主导衰变，但主导的临界泡是球对称的，覆盖整个视界。
英文摘要
We study decay of a scalar field false vacuum near a (3+1)-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole equilibrated at Hawking temperature with the environment. Our scalar field model has negative quartic self-coupling and thereby resembles Higgs sector of the Standard Model in the large-field limit. We demonstrate that if the black hole is not too small, the false vacuum in this model decays aspherically with regard to the black hole center: via formation of expanding true vacuum bubbles emerging on the outer side of the event horizon. More specifically, we identify three regimes of the decay. For the largest and coldest black holes, the main mechanism is quantum tunneling described by an infinitesimally thin bounce sitting at some point of the horizon. In the intermediate-mass regime, the vacuum is destroyed by thermal fluctuations creating aspherical critical bubbles in the horizon vicinity. Finally, near the smallest black holes thermal fluctuations still guide the decay but the dominant critical bubble is spherically symmetric and covers the entire horizon.
Comments18 pages, 18 figures
