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arXiv 0907.5134cond-mat.stat-mech
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搓衣板势中两相互作用粒子的定向输运

Directed transport of two interacting particles in a washboard potential

D. Hennig, A. D. Burbanks, A. H. Osbaldestin

摘要:

本文研究了两个非线性相互作用粒子在一维空间周期性搓衣板势中的守恒和确定性动力学。弱倾斜的搓衣板电位施加偏置一个方向的颗粒运输。然而,倾斜在偏置方向上渐近地消失。此外,总能量含量不足以使两个粒子能够同时从初始势阱中逃逸;为了实现传输,耦合粒子需要合作地相互作用。对于低耦合强度,两个粒子永久地保持被捕获在起始势阱内。为了增加耦合强度,存在一种机制,其中一个粒子将其大部分能量转移到另一个粒子,结果后者从势阱中逃逸,它们之间的键断裂。最后,对于适当大的耦合,粒子之间协调的能量交换使它们能够从连续的势阱中逃逸--一个粒子接着另一个粒子--从而导致定向集体运动。输运整流的关键机制是基于渐近消失的倾斜导致混合相空间中动力学的非混沌部分的对称性破缺。也就是说,在混沌瞬态之后,仅在混沌层的一个边界处出现共振岛。弹道通道中与运输岛相关联的轨迹的沉降提供逃逸二聚体的长程定向运输动力学。

英文摘要:

We study the conservative and deterministic dynamics of two nonlinearly interacting particles evolving in a one-dimensional spatially periodic washboard potential. A weak tilt of the washboard potential is applied biasing one direction for particle transport. However, the tilt vanishes asymptotically in the direction of bias. Moreover, the total energy content is not enough for both particles to be able to escape simultaneously from an initial potential well; to achieve transport the coupled particles need to interact cooperatively. For low coupling strength the two particles remain trapped inside the starting potential well permanently. For increased coupling strength there exists a regime in which one of the particles transfers the majority of its energy to the other one, as a consequence of which the latter escapes from the potential well and the bond between them breaks. Finally, for suitably large couplings, coordinated energy exchange between the particles allows them to achieve escapes -- one particle followed by the other -- from consecutive potential wells resulting in directed collective motion. The key mechanism of transport rectification is based on the asymptotically vanishing tilt causing a symmetry breaking of the non-chaotic fraction of the dynamics in the mixed phase space. That is, after a chaotic transient, only at one of the boundaries of the chaotic layer do resonance islands appear. The settling of trajectories in the ballistic channels associated with transporting islands provides long-range directed transport dynamics of the escaping dimer.

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