arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0906.4339astro-ph.COastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
收藏

宇宙景观中的巨型双星黑洞

Massive Binary Black Holes in the Cosmic Landscape

M. Colpi, M. Dotti

摘要:

双黑洞在我们探索宇宙历史中星系演化的过程中占有特殊的地位。如果大质量的黑洞生长在经历了一系列合并事件的(前)星系结构的中心,那么双黑洞的形成是星系组装的必然结果。但是,如果黑洞达到合并,那么它们将成为宇宙中最响亮的引力波源。大自然似乎为这些奇异的双星的形成提供了一条途径,一些关键问题需要解决:大质量黑洞如何在合并中配对?根据下面星系的性质,黑洞总是形成一个紧密的开普勒双星吗?如果形成双星,硬化是否会向下进行到引力波反作用控制的区域?气体和/或恒星在阻止黑洞运动中扮演什么样的角色?合并发生在什么时间尺度上?这些黑洞在飞行中能吸积并在它们合并的过程中发光吗?N-Body/流体动力学代码已被证明是研究其演化的重要工具,预计这一领域的进展将迅速增长,从宇宙学的大尺度合并开始,以完全真实的方式描述黑洞周围的恒星和气体的物理学。如果在即将到来的引力波实验提供的新窗口中检测到双黑洞,它将提供对层次聚类过程的深入了解,这是当前星系形成范式的核心。它们也将是检验广义相对论(如引力理论)的精密探针。在螺旋、合并和衰荡阶段发出的波形在其形状上带有动态演化时空的符号和视界存在的证据。

英文摘要:

Binary black holes occupy a special place in our quest for understanding the evolution of galaxies along cosmic history. If massive black holes grow at the center of (pre-)galactic structures that experience a sequence of merger episodes, then dual black holes form as inescapable outcome of galaxy assembly. But, if the black holes reach coalescence, then they become the loudest sources of gravitational waves ever in the universe. Nature seems to provide a pathway for the formation of these exotic binaries, and a number of key questions need to be addressed: How do massive black holes pair in a merger? Depending on the properties of the underlying galaxies, do black holes always form a close Keplerian binary? If a binary forms, does hardening proceed down to the domain controlled by gravitational wave back reaction? What is the role played by gas and/or stars in braking the black holes, and on which timescale does coalescence occur? Can the black holes accrete on flight and shine during their pathway to coalescence? N-Body/hydrodynamical codes have proven to be vital tools for studying their evolution, and progress in this field is expected to grow rapidly in the effort to describe, in full realism, the physics of stars and gas around the black holes, starting from the cosmological large scale of a merger. If detected in the new window provided by the upcoming gravitational wave experiments, binary black holes will provide a deep view into the process of hierarchical clustering which is at the heart of the current paradigm of galaxy formation. They will also be exquisite probes for testing General Relativity, as the theory of gravity. The waveforms emitted during the inspiral, coalescence and ring-down phase carry in their shape the sign of a dynamically evolving space-time and the proof of the existence of an horizon.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑