René David, Marek Zaionc
We give a procedure for counting the number of different proofs of a formula in various sorts of propositional logic. This number is either an integer (that may be 0 if the formula is not provable) or infinite.
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We improve the answer to the question: what set of excluded middles for propositional variables in a formula suffices to prove the formula in intuitionistic propositional logic whenever it is provable in classical propositional logic.
In this paper, we study logics of dependence on the propositional level. We prove that several interesting propositional logics of dependence, including propositional dependence logic, propositional intuitionistic dependence logic as well as propositional inquisitive logic, are expressively complete and have disjunctive or conjunctive normal forms. We provide deduction systems and prove the completeness theorems for these logics.
We give sound and complete Hilbert-style axiomatizations for propositional dependence logic (PD), modal dependence logic (MDL), and extended modal dependence logic (EMDL) by extending existing axiomatizations for propositional logic and modal logic. In addition, we give novel labeled tableau calculi for PD, MDL, and EMDL. We prove soundness, completeness and termination for each of the labeled calculi.
We extend the polynomial time algorithms due to Buss and Mints(APAL 1999) and Ferrari, Fiorentini and Fiorino(LPAR 2002) to yield a polynomial time complete disjunction property in intuitionistic propositional logic.
Cirquent calculus is a new proof-theoretic and semantic approach introduced for the needs of computability logic by G.Japaridze, who also showed that, through cirquent calculus, one can capture, refine and generalize independence-friendly (IF) logic. Specifically, the approach allows us to account for independence from propositional connectives in the same spirit as the traditional IF logic accounts for independence from quantifiers. Japaridze's treatment of IF logic, however, was purely semantical, and no deductive system was proposed. The present paper constructs a formal system sound and co…
There are (other) ways to negate in propositional team semantics
本文研究命题团队语义中的否定机制，证明完全直觉主义否定不增加向下封闭逻辑的公理化复杂度，并证明同时含依赖原子与包含原子的命题逻辑具有表达完备性。
This paper investigates formal logics for reasoning about determinacy and independence. Propositional Dependence Logic D and Propositional Independence Logic I are recently developed logical systems, based on team semantics, that provide a framework for such reasoning tasks. We introduce two new logics L_D and L_I, based on Kripke semantics, and propose them as alternatives for D and I, respectively. We analyze the relative expressive powers of these four logics and discuss the way these systems relate to natural language. We argue that L_D and L_I naturally resolve a range of interpretational…
In this work we explore some applications of the notions of Institution and Π-Institution in the setting of propositional logics and establish a precise categorial relation between these notions, i.e., we provide a pair of functors that establishes an adjunction between the categories Inst and Π-Inst.
A famous result, conjectured by Gödel in 1932 and proved by McKinsey and Tarski in 1948, says that $φ$ is a theorem of intuitionistic propositional logic IPC iff its Gödel-translation $φ'$ is a theorem of modal logic S4. In this paper, we extend an intuitionistic version of modal logic S1+SP, introduced in our previous paper (S. Lewitzka, Algebraic semantics for a modal logic close to S1, J. Logic and Comp., doi:10.1093/logcom/exu067) to a classical modal logic L and prove the following: a propositional formula $φ$ is a theorem of IPC iff $\squareφ$ is a theorem of L (actually, we show: $Φ\vda…
We investigate the complexity of satisfiability for finite-variable fragments of propositional dynamic logics. We consider three formalisms belonging to three representative complexity classes, broadly understood,---regular PDL, which is EXPTIME-complete, PDL with intersection, which is 2EXPTIME-complete, and PDL with parallel composition, which is undecidable. We show that, for each of these logics, the complexity of satisfiability remains unchanged even if we only allow as inputs formulas built solely out of propositional constants, i.e. without propositional variables. Moreover, we show tha…
Validity and Entailment in Modal and Propositional Dependence Logics
本文全面分类了模态与命题依赖逻辑中有效性与蕴涵的复杂性，证明模态依赖逻辑的有效性问题是NEXPTIME完全的，反驳了先前更高的复杂性猜想。
A study of cut-elimination for a non-labelled cyclic proof system for propositional dynamic logics
本文研究了命题动态逻辑中非标记循环证明系统的消去问题，提出了序数演算和循环证明系统，并证明了其正确性和完备性，同时展示了消去失败及限制后的消去性质。
This paper presents a formal theory which describes propositional binary logic as a semantically closed formal language, and allows for syntactically and semantically well-formed formulae, formal proofs (demonstrability in Hilbertian acception), deduction (Gentzen's view of demonstrability), CNF-ization, and deconstruction to be expressed and tested in the same (computational) formal language, using the same data structure. It is also shown here that Cognitive Binary Logic is a self-described theory in which the Liar Paradox is deconstructed.
A propositional cirquent calculus for computability logic
本文提出CL18公理化系统，用于可计算性逻辑的基本命题片段，并证明其相对于该逻辑博弈语义的可靠性与完备性。
Tableau methodology for propositional logics
本文提出了一种通用的表格法方法，用于生成命题逻辑的表格系统，并推广了Smullyan和Fitting的抽象一致性属性。
On decidable extensions of Propositional Dynamic Logic with Converse
本文利用可定义过滤技术，证明若若干模态逻辑容许可定义过滤，则由它们融合扩张的带逆命题动态逻辑具有有限模型性质，从而得到一类可判定的命题动态逻辑。
Complexity of the Model Checking problem for inquisitive propositional and modal logic
本文研究了探究命题逻辑 InqB 和探究模态逻辑 InqM 的模型检测问题复杂性，基于 Yang 的思想证明了这两个问题均为 AP-完全。
While finite-variable fragments of the propositional modal logic S5--complete with respect to reflexive, symmetric and transitive frames--are polynomial-time decidable, the restriction to finite-variable formulas for logics of reflexive and transitive frames yields fragments that remain "intractable." The role of the symmetry condition in this context has not been investigated. We show that symmetry either by itself or in combination with reflexivity produces logics that behave just like logics of reflexive and transitive frames, i.e. their finite-variable fragments remain intractable, namely …
A weakly complete finitary axiomatization for EQPL (exogenous quantum propositional logic) is presented. The proof is carried out using a non trivial extension of the Fagin-Halpern-Megiddo technique together with three Henkin style completions.
In our previous work, we proposed the logic obtained from full non-associative Lambek calculus by adding a sort of linear-logical modality. We call this logic non-associative non-commutative intuitionistic linear logic ($\mathbf{NACILL}$, for short). In this paper, we establish the decidability and undecidability results for various extensions of $\mathbf{NACILL}$. Regarding the decidability results, we show that the deducibility problems for several extensions of $\mathbf{NACILL}$ with the rule of left-weakening are decidable. Regarding the undecidability results, we show that the provability…
We classify the computational complexity of the satisfiability, validity and model-checking problems for propositional independence, inclusion, and team logic. Our main result shows that the satisfiability and validity problems for propositional team logic are complete for alternating exponential-time with polynomially many alternations.
In this paper, we study several propositional team logics that are closed under unions, including propositional inclusion logic. We prove that all these logics are expressively complete, and we introduce sound and complete systems of natural deduction for these logics. We also discuss the locality property and its connection with interpolation in these logics.
We consider team semantics for propositional logic, continuing our previous work (Yang & Väänänen 2016). In team semantics the truth of a propositional formula is considered in a set of valuations, called a team, rather than in an individual valuation. This offers the possibility to give meaning to concepts such as dependence, independence and inclusion. We define an expressively maximal propositional team logic, called full propositional team logic. This requires going beyond the logical operations of classical propositional logic. We exhibit a hierarchy of logics between the smallest, viz. c…
On propositional logic semirings
本文利用Gröebner-Shirshov基理论建立命题逻辑的半环刻画，提出一种基于代数框架的命题证明方法，并通过具体例子说明其有效性与局限。
Some General Completeness Results for Propositionally Quantified Modal Logics
本文研究命题量化模态逻辑的完全性问题，证明含Barcan模式的正规逻辑在可量化一般框架下强完全，给出公式真值在框架过渡中保持的充分条件，并基于有限多样性得到一类Kripke完全的逻辑及欧几里得框架逻辑的有限公理化。
From Proof-theoretic Validity to Base-extension Semantics for Intuitionistic Propositional Logic
本文针对直觉主义命题逻辑，论证其基扩展语义涵盖了一种基于消去规则的证明论有效性版本的陈述内容，既阐释了基扩展语义的运作原理，也证明了该版本证明论有效性的完备性。
Both propositional dependence logic and inquisitive logic are expressively complete. As a consequence, every formula with intuitionistic disjunction or intuitionistic implication can be translated equivalently into a formula in the language of propositional dependence logic without these two connectives. We show that although such a (non-compositional) translation exists, neither intuitionistic disjunction nor intuitionistic implication is uniformly definable in propositional dependence logic.
We find a translation with particularly nice properties from intuitionistic propositional logic in countably many variables to intuitionistic propositional logic in two variables. In addition, the existence of a possibly-not-as-nice translation from any countable logic into intuitionistic propositional logic in two variables is shown. The nonexistence of a translation from classical logic into intuitionistic propositional logic which preserves ``and'' and ``or'' but not necessarily ``true'' is proven. These results about translations follow from additional results about embeddings into free He…
LP$^{\supset,\mathsf{F}}$ is a three-valued paraconsistent propositional logic which is essentially the same as J3. It has most properties that have been proposed as desirable properties of a reasonable paraconsistent propositional logic. However, it follows easily from already published results that there are exactly 8192 different three-valued paraconsistent propositional logics that have the properties concerned. In this paper, properties concerning the logical equivalence relation of a logic are used to distinguish LP$^{\supset,\mathsf{F}}$ from the others. As one of the bonuses of focussi…
The inverse method is a saturation based theorem proving technique; it relies on a forward proof-search strategy and can be applied to cut-free calculi enjoying the subformula property. Here we apply this method to derive the unprovability of a goal formula G in Intuitionistic Propositional Logic. To this aim we design a forward calculus FRJ(G) for Intuitionistic unprovability which is prone to constructively ascertain the unprovability of a formula G by providing a concise countermodel for it; in particular we prove that the generated countermodels have minimal height. Moreover, we clarify th…
It is shown that propositional intuitionistic logic is the maximal (with respect to expressive power) abstract logic satisfying a certain topological property reminiscent of compactness, the Tarski union property and preservation under asimulations.
In this paper we prove that three of the main propositional logics of dependence (including propositional dependence logic and inquisitive logic), none of which is structural, are structurally complete with respect to a class of substitutions under which the logics are closed. We obtain an analogues result with respect to stable substitutions, for the negative variants of some well-known intermediate logics, which are intermediate theories that are closely related to inquisitive logic.
In this paper, we present a propositional logic (called mixed logic) containing disjoint copies of minimal, intuitionistic and classical logics. We prove a completeness theorem for this logic with respect to a Kripke semantics. We establish some relations between mixed logic and minimal, intuitionistic and classical logics. We present at the end a sequent calculus version for this logic.
Affine modal propositional logic
研究仿射模态命题逻辑，通过用下半连续包络算子取代内部算子，证明了该逻辑的完备性和仿射紧致性定理。
Quantified propositional intuitionistic logic is obtained from propositional intuitionistic logic by adding quantifiers \forall p, \exists p over propositions. In the context of Kripke semantics, a proposition is a subset of the worlds in a model structure which is upward closed. Kremer (1997) has shown that the quantified propositional intuitionistic logic Hπ+ based on the class of all partial orders is recursively isomorphic to full second-order logic. He raised the question of whether the logic resulting from restriction to trees is axiomatizable. It is shown that it is, in fact, decidable.…
Embeddings of Propositional Logics into the Provability Logics $\mathbf{S}$ and $\mathbf{D}$
本文修正彼得鲁欣的证明，将命题逻辑嵌入可证性逻辑的结果扩展至$\boldsymbol{D}$，提出可嵌入$\boldsymbol{D}$的命题逻辑$\boldsymbol{DPL}$。
In this paper, we show that the derivability problem for the primal propositional logic remains solvable in polynomial time upon adding a certain form of the principle of equivalent form substitution; and that, upon adding another form of this principle, it becomes co-NP-hard.
It is known that the set of tautologies of second order intuitionistic propositional logic, $\mathrm{IPC} 2$, is undecidable. Here, we prove that the sets of formulas of $\mathrm{IPC} 2$ which are true in the algebra of open subsets of reals or rationals are decidable.
Propositional logics in general, considered as a set of sentences, can be undecidable even if they have "nice" representations, e.g., are given by a calculus. Even decidable propositional logics can be computationally complex (e.g., already intuitionistic logic is PSPACE-complete). On the other hand, finite-valued logics are computationally relatively simple - at worst NP. Moreover, finite-valued semantics are simple, and general methods for theorem proving exist. This raises the question to what extent and under what circumstances propositional logics represented in various ways can be approx…
Lyndon interpolation property for extensions of $\mathbf{S4}$ and intermediate propositional logics
该研究针对S4扩展逻辑及中间命题逻辑，分析Lyndon插值性质（LIP）与一致Lyndon插值性质（ULIP），明确18个有限高度S4正规扩展逻辑的LIP成立情况，并证明中间命题逻辑中三类插值性质等价。
Proof-theoretic semantics (P-tS) is the paradigm of semantics in which meaning in logic is based on proof (as opposed to truth). A particular instance of P-tS for intuitionistic propositional logic (IPL) is its base-extension semantics (B-eS). This semantics is given by a relation called support, explaining the meaning of the logical constants, which is parameterized by systems of rules called bases that provide the semantics of atomic propositions. In this paper, we interpret bases as collections of definite formulae and use the operational view of the latter as provided by uniform proof-sear…
In the style of Lindström's theorem for classical first-order logic, this article characterizes propositional bi-intuitionistic logic as the maximal (with respect to expressive power) abstract logic satisfying a certain form of compactness, the Tarski union property and preservation under bi-asimulations. Since bi-intuitionistic logic introduces new complexities in the intuitionistic setting by adding the analogue of a backwards looking modality, the present paper constitutes a non-trivial modification of previous work done by the authors for intuitionistic logic in: G. Badia and G. Olkhovikov…
We introduce a multi-type display calculus for Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL). This calculus is complete w.r.t. PDL, and enjoys Belnap-style cut-elimination and subformula property.
This paper presents a soundness and completeness proof for propositional intuitionistic calculus with respect to the semantics of computability logic. The latter interprets formulas as interactive computational problems, formalized as games between a machine and its environment. Intuitionistic implication is understood as algorithmic reduction in the weakest possible -- and hence most natural -- sense, disjunction and conjunction as deterministic-choice combinations of problems (disjunction = machine's choice, conjunction = environment's choice), and "absurd" as a computational problem of univ…
Isomorphism between formulae is defined with respect to categories formalizing equality of deductions in classical propositional logic and in the multiplicative fragment of classical linear propositional logic caught by proof nets. This equality is motivated by generality of deductions. Characterizations are given for pairs of isomorphic formulae, which lead to decision procedures for this isomorphism.
Computability logic is a formal theory of computational tasks and resources. Its formulas represent interactive computational problems, logical operators stand for operations on computational problems, and validity of a formula is understood as being a scheme of problems that always have algorithmic solutions. A comprehensive online source on the subject is available at http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~giorgi/cl.html . The earlier article "Propositional computability logic I" proved soundness and completeness for the (in a sense) minimal nontrivial fragment CL1 of computability logic. The present pap…
Intuitionistic logic extended with decidable propositional atoms combines classical properties in its propositional part and intuitionistic properties for derivable formulas not containing propositional symbols. Sequent calculus is used as a framework for investigating this extension. Admissibility of cut is retained. Constrained Kripke structures are introduced for modeling intuitionistic logic with decidable propositional atoms. The extent of the disjunction and existence properties is investigated. The latest information about this research can be found at http://sakharov.net/median.html
Bernays introduced a method for proving underivability results in propositional calculi by truth tables. In general, this motivates an investigations of how to find, given a propositional logic, a finite-valued logic which has as few tautologies as possible, but which has all the valid formulas of the given logic as tautologies. It is investigated how far this method can be carried using (1) one or (2) an infinite sequence of finite-valued logics. It is shown that the best candidate matrices for (1) can be computed from a calculus, and how sequences for (2) can be found for certain classes of …
In 1933, Gödel introduced a provability interpretation of the propositional intuitionistic logic to establish a formalization for the BHK interpretation. He used the modal system, $\mathbf{S4}$, as a formalization of the intuitive concept of provability and then translated $\mathbf{IPC}$ to $\mathbf{S4}$. His work suggested the problem to find a concrete provability interpretation of the modal logic $\mathbf{S4}$. In this paper, we will try to answer this problem. In fact, we will generalize Solovay's provability interpretation of the modal logic $\mathbf{GL}$ to capture other modal logics suc…
Expressibility and inexpressibility in propositional team logics
本文研究命题团队逻辑中可表达性与不可表达性问题，通过维度理论方法分析原子表达的代价，提出新变种的原子和运算，揭示逻辑的范围与限制。
We introduce and investigate the notion of uniform Lyndon interpolation property (ULIP) which is a strengthening of both uniform interpolation property and Lyndon interpolation property. We prove several propositional modal logics including ${\bf K}$, ${\bf KB}$, ${\bf GL}$ and ${\bf Grz}$ enjoy ULIP. Our proofs are modifications of Visser's proofs of uniform interpolation property using layered bisimulations. Also we give a new upper bound on the complexity of uniform interpolants for ${\bf GL}$ and ${\bf Grz}$.
Sequential composition of propositional logic programs
本文研究命题逻辑程序的顺序组合与分解，证明无环程序可分解为单规则程序，并利用组合表示直接后果算子以计算最小模型，从而弥合语法与语义的鸿沟。
Fundamental Propositional Logic with Strict Implication
本文在公理命题逻辑中引入严格蕴含，探讨其对语义蕴含关系的影响，并为两种逻辑系统提供了公理化和完备性定理。
Truth values of Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens rules for propositions having linguistic truth value that may be represented by lattice(Fig1, Fig2) are computed in this paper. The results show that the truth values are not always absolutely true but have graded truth values in some cases.
It is shown that G-up, the quantified propositional Goedel-Dummett logic based on the truth-values set V-up = {1 - 1/n : n >= 1} u {1}, is decidable. This result is obtained by reduction to Buechi's theory S1S. An alternative proof based on elimination of quantifiers is also given, which yields both an axiomatization and a characterization of G-up as the intersection of all finite-valued quantified propositional Goedel logics.
It is known that not only classical semantics but also intuitionistic Kripke semantics can be generalized so that it can treat arbitrary propositional connectives characterized by truth tables, or truth functions. In our previous work, it has been shown that the set of Kripke-valid propositional sequents and that of classically valid propositional sequents coincide if and only if all available propositional connectives are monotonic. The present paper extend this result to frst-order logic showing that, in the case of predicate logic, the condition that all available propositional connectives …
Continuous Algebra: Algebraic Semantics for Continuous Propositional Logic
本文提出连续代数作为连续命题逻辑CPL的代数语义，并通过与2可除$\ell u$-群的对应关系，给出了CPL弱完备性定理的纯代数证明。
We show that intuitionistic propositional logic is \emph{Carnap categorical}: the only interpretation of the connectives consistent with the intuitionistic consequence relation is the standard interpretation. This holds relative to the most well-known semantics with respect to which intuitionistic logic is sound and complete; among them Kripke semantics, Beth semantics, Dragalin semantics, and topological semantics. It also holds for algebraic semantics, although categoricity in that case is different in kind from categoricity relative to possible worlds style semantics.
A Deep-Inference Sequent Calculus for Basic Propositional Team Logic (Without Delving Too Deep)
本文为包含分裂析取与探究析取的基础命题团队逻辑引入了一种深度推理矢列演算，证明了其保高度弱化、切消除等性质，并导出了新的Lyndon插值定理。
Convex Team Logics
本文证明凸命题和模态团队逻辑的表达完备性，引入多种完备逻辑，并回答经典命题逻辑加非空原子NE的开放问题，推广统一定义性概念。
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