We study intersection theory on the relative Hilbert scheme of a family of nodal-or-smooth curves, over a base of arbitrary dimension. We introduce an additive group called 'discriminant module', generated by diagonal loci, node scrolls, and twists thereof, and determine the action of the discriminant or big diagonal divisor on this group by intersection. We show that this suffices to determine arbitrary polynomials in Chern classes, in particular Chern numbers, for the tautological vector bundles on the Hilbert schemes, which are closely related to enumerative geometry. The latest version includes some new explicit computations and reference to a computer program due to G. Liu implementing our intersection calculus.
This is the second in a series of three papers in which we investigate the rational Chow ring of the stack consisting of nodal curves of genus. Here we define the basic classes: the classes of strata and the Mumford classes.
We derive effective recursion formulae of top intersections in the tautological ring $R^*(M_g)$ of the moduli space of curves of genus $g\geq 2$. As an application, we prove a convolution-type tautological relation in $R^{g-2}(M_g)$.
Tautological systems developed in [6],[7] are Picard-Fuchs type systems to study period integrals of complete intersections in Fano varieties. We generalize tautological systems to local complete intersections, which are zero loci of global sections of vector bundles over Fano varieties. In particular, we obtain similar criterion as [6, 7] about holonomicity and regularity of the system. We also prove solution rank formulas and geometric realizations of solutions following the work of hypersurfaces [5, 4].
We develop a formula for tautological integrals over geometric subsets of the Hilbert scheme of points on complex manifolds. As an illustration of the theory, we derive a new iterated residue formula for the number of nodal curves in sufficiently ample linear systems.
We give two recursions for computing top intersections of tautological classes on blowups of moduli spaces of genus-one curves. One of these recursions is analogous to the well-known string equation. As shown in previous papers, these numbers are useful for computing genus-one enumerative invariants of projective spaces and Gromov-Witten invariants of complete intersections.
In this paper, we consider the tautological ring containing the extended Brill-Noether algebraic classes on the normalization of the compactified Jacobian of a complex nodal projective curve (with one node). This smallest $\Q$-subalgebra of algebraic classes under algebraic equivalence, stable under extensions of the maps induced by multiplication maps, Pontrayagin product and Fourier transform, is shown to be generated by pullback of the Brill-Noether classes of the Jacobian of the normalized curve and some natural classes.
For a finite group $G$, let $\H_{g,G,ξ}$ be the stack of admissible $G$-covers $C\to D$ of stable curves with ramification data $ξ$, $g(C)=g$ and $g(D)=g'$. There are source and target morphisms $ϕ\colon \H_{g,G,ξ}\to \M_{g,r}$ and $δ\colon \H_{g,G,ξ}\to \M_{g',b}$, remembering the curves $C$ and $D$ together with the ramification or branch points of the cover respectively. In this paper we study admissible cover cycles, i.e. cycles of the form $ϕ_* [\H_{g,G,ξ}]$. Examples include the fundamental classes of the loci of hyperelliptic or bielliptic curves $C$ with marked ramification points. The…
We discover that tautological intersection numbers on $\bar{\mathcal{M}}_{g, n}$, the moduli space of stable genus $g$ curves with $n$ marked points, are evaluations of Ehrhart polynomials of partial polytopal complexes. In order to prove this, we realize the Virasoro constraints for tautological intersection numbers as a recursion for integer-valued polynomials. Then we apply a theorem of Breuer that classifies Ehrhart polynomials of partial polytopal complexes by the nonnegativity of their $f^*$-vector. In dimensions 1 and 2, we show that the polytopal complexes that arise are \emph{inside-o…
We describe a new perspective on the intersection theory of the moduli space of curves involving both Virasoro constraints and Gorenstein conditions. The main result of the paper is the computation of a basic 1-point Hodge integral series occurring in the tautological ring of the moduli space of nonsingular curves. In the appendix by D. Zagier, "Polynomials arising from the tautological ring", a detailed study is made of certain polynomials whose coefficients are intersection numbers on moduli space. The paper and the appendix together provide proofs of all previously conjectured formulas for …
We study the relative Hilbert scheme of a family of nodal (or smooth) curves via its (birational) cycle map, going to the relative symmetric product. We show the cycle map is the blowing up of the discriminant locus, which consists of cycles with multiple points. We derive an intersection calculus for Chern classes of tautological bundles on the relative Hilbert scheme, which has applications to enumerative geometry.
We describe a theory of logarithmic Chow rings and tautological subrings for logarithmically smooth algebraic stacks, via a generalisation of the notion of piecewise-polynomial functions. Using this machinery we prove that the double-double ramification cycle lies in the tautological subring of the (classical) Chow ring of the moduli space of curves, and that the logarithmic double ramification cycle is divisorial (as conjectured by Molcho, Pandharipande, and Schmitt).
We develop a new method to study intersection theory of the main component of the Hilbert scheme of points on complex manifolds. The main result is an iterated residue formula for tautological integrals. We formulate a Chern-Segre-type positivity conjecture for these integrals, and we introduce higher dimensional Segre and Chern integrals.
We describe a very large class of conjectural relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space $\bar{M}_{g,n}$ of stable curves of genus $g$ with $n$ marked points, extending and generalizing the Faber-Zagier relations. These notes are loosely based on informal talks given by the author at the workshop at KTH Stockholm on "The moduli space of curves and its intersection theory" in April 2012.
Pandharipande-Pixton have used the geometry of the moduli space of stable quotients to produce relations between tautological Chow classes on the moduli space $M_g$ of smooth genus g curves. We study a natural extension of their methods to the boundary and more generally to Hassett's moduli spaces $\overline M_{g, w}$ of stable nodal curves with weighted marked points. Algebraic manipulation of these relations brings them into a Faber-Zagier type form. We show that they give Pixton's generalized FZ relations when all weights are one. As a special case, we give a formulation of FZ relations for…
Let C be a complex curve of genus g, let J(C) be its Jacobian and let R(C) be its tautological ring, that is, the group of algebraic cycles modulo algebraic equivalence. We study the algebraic structure of R(C). In particular, we give a detailed description of all the possibilities that may occur for g<9: we construct convenient basis and we determine the matrices representing the Fourier transform and both intersection and Pontryagin products explicitly. In particular, we estimate the dimension of R(C).
Let $V$ be a smooth, projective, convex variety. We define tautological $ψ$ and $κ$ classes on the moduli space of stable maps $\M_{0,n}(V)$, give a (graphical) presentation for these classes in terms of boundary strata, derive differential equations for the generating functions of the Gromov-Witten invariants of $V$ twisted by these tautological classes, and prove that these intersection numbers are completely determined by the Gromov-Witten invariants of $V$. This results in families of Frobenius manifold structures on the cohomology ring of $V$ which includes the quantum cohomology as a spe…
We study tautological classes on the moduli space of stable $n$-pointed hyperelliptic curves of genus $g$ with rational tails. Our result gives a complete description of tautological relations. The method is based on the approach of Yin in comparing tautological classes on the moduli of curves and the universal Jacobian. It is proven that all relations come from the Jacobian side. The intersection pairings are shown to be perfect in all degrees. We show that the tautological algebra coincides with its image in cohomology via the cycle class map. The latter is identified with monodromy invarian…
Faber's socle intersection numbers via Gromov--Witten theory of elliptic curve
Korteweg-de Vriesinstituut voor Wiskunde, Universiteit van Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学柯蒂赫-德弗里斯数学研究所）；Dipartimento di Matematica “Tullio Levi-Civita”, Università degli studi di Padova（帕多瓦大学图利奥·列维-奇维塔数学系）
The tautological ring of the moduli space of stable curves has been studied extensively in the last decades. We present a SageMath implementation of many core features of this ring. This includes lists of generators and their products, intersection numbers and verification of tautological relations. Maps between tautological rings induced by functoriality, that is pushforwards and pullbacks under gluing and forgetful maps, are implemented. Furthermore, many interesting cycle classes, such as the double ramification cycles, strata of k-differentials and hyperelliptic or bielliptic cycles are av…
This is a note on calculating intersection numbers on moduli spaces of curves. A codimension 3 relation among tautological classes on the moduli space of genus 4 curves is given.
We extend the theory of tautological classes on moduli spaces of stable curves to the more general setting of moduli spaces of admissible Galois covers of curves, introducing the so-called H-tautological ring. The main new feature is the existence of restriction-corestriction morphisms remembering intermediate quotients of Galois covers, which are a rich source of new classes. In particular, our new framework includes classes of Harris-Mumford admissible covers on moduli spaces of curves, which are known in some (and speculatively many more) examples to lie outside the usual tautological ring.…
We study the relative Hilbert scheme of a family of nodal (or smooth) curves, over a base of arbitrary dimension, via its (birational) cycle map, going to the relative symmetric product. We show the cycle map is the blowing up of the discriminant locus, which consists of cycles with multiple points. We work out the action of the blowup or 'discriminant' polarization on some natural cycles in the Hilbert scheme, including generalized diagonals and cycles, called 'node scrolls', parametrizing schemes supported on singular points. We derive an intersection calculus for Chern classes of tautologic…
In this paper we show that a nodal complete intersection threefold $X$ in $\mathbb{P}^{3+c}$ with defect, but without induced defect, has at least $\sum_{i\leq j} (d_i-1)(d_j-1)$ nodes, provided either $c=2$ or $d_c>\sum_{i=1}^{c-1} d_i$ holds.
We consider a class of tautological top intersection products on the moduli space of stable pairs consisting of semistable vector bundles together with N sections on a smooth complex projective curve C. We show that when N is large, these intersection numbers can equally be computed on the Grothendieck Quot scheme of coherent sheaf quotients of the rank N trivial sheaf on C. The result has applications to the calculation of the intersection theory of the moduli space of semistable bundles on C.
We give a close formula for the Néron-Tate height of tautological integral cycles on Jacobians of curves over number fields as well as a new lower bound for the arithmetic self-intersection number $\hatω^2$ of the dualizing sheaf of a curve in terms of Zhang's invariant $φ$. As an application, we obtain an effective Bogomolov-type result for the tautological cycles. We deduce these results from a more general combinatorial computation of arithmetic intersection numbers of adelic line bundles on higher self-products of curves, which are linear combinations of pullbacks of line bundles on the cu…
We give a bound on the minimal number of singularities of a nodal projective complete intersection threefold which contains a smooth complete intersection surface that is not a Cartier divisor.
Isotropic Quot schemes parameterize rank $r$ isotropic subsheaves of a vector bundle equipped with symplectic or symmetric quadratic form. We define a virtual fundamental class for isotropic Quot schemes over smooth projective curves. Using torus localization, we prescribe a way to calculate top intersection numbers of tautological classes, and obtain explicit formulas when $r=2$. These include and generalize the Vafa-Intriligator formula. In this setting, we compare the Quot scheme invariants with the invariants obtained via the stable map compactification.
We explicitly compute the diverging factor in the large genus asymptotics of the Weil-Petersson volumes of the moduli spaces of $n$-pointed complex algebraic curves. Modulo a universal multiplicative constant we prove the existence of a complete asymptotic expansion of the Weil-Petersson volumes in the inverse powers of the genus with coefficients that are polynomials in $n$. This is done by analyzing various recursions for the more general intersection numbers of tautological classes, whose large genus asymptotic behavior is also extensively studied.
We construct explicit examples of algebraic cycles in \bar M_g (for large g congruent to 2 mod 4) and in M_2,20 (no bar) which are not in the tautological ring. In an appendix we give a general method for computing intersections in the tautological ring.
The main objective of this paper is to give a summary of our recent work on recursion formulae for intersection numbers on moduli spaces of curves and their applications. We also present a conjectural relation between tautological rings and the mock theta function.
We study the Chow ring of the moduli stack $\mathfrak{M}_{g,n}$ of prestable curves and define the notion of tautological classes on this stack. We extend formulas for intersection products and functoriality of tautological classes under natural morphisms from the case of the tautological ring of the moduli space $\bar{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ of stable curves. This paper provides foundations for the second part of the paper. In the appendix (joint with J. Skowera), we develop the theory of a proper, but not necessary projective, pushforward of algebraic cycles. The proper pushforward is necessary …
We provide an inductive algorithm computing Gromov-Witten invariants in all genera with arbitrary insertions of all smooth complete intersections in projective space. We also prove that all Gromov-Witten classes of all smooth complete intersections in projective space belong to the tautological ring of the moduli space of stable curves. The main idea is to show that invariants with insertions of primitive cohomology classes are controlled by their monodromy and by invariants defined without primitive insertions but with imposed nodes in the domain curve. To compute these nodal Gromov-Witten in…
In this paper we study effective recursion formulae for computing intersection numbers of mixed $ψ$ and $κ$ classes on moduli spaces of curves. By using the celebrated Witten-Kontsevich theorem, we generalize Mulase-Safnuk form of Mirzakhani's recursion and prove a recursion formula of higher Weil-Petersson volumes. We also present recursion formulae to compute intersection pairings in the tautological rings of moduli spaces of curves.
In this paper, we show the full flag Hilbert scheme of points of nodal curves has only complete intersection singularities. We study the Hilbert scheme of points of the cusp curve and show the punctual Hilbert scheme is isomorphic to \mathbb{P}^1. Furthermore Hilbert scheme has only one singularty along the punctual one.
We observe that certain equivariant intersection numbers of Chern characters of tautological sheaves on Hilbert schemes for suitable circle actions can be computed using the Bloch-Okounkov formula, hence they are related to Gromov-Witten invariants of elliptic curves and its operator formalism in terms of operators on the Fock space.
We give a presentation for the stack of rational curves with at most 1 node as the quotient by GL(3) of an open set in a 6-dimensional irreducible representation. We then use equivariant intersection theory to calculate the integral Chow ring of this stack.
We study the structure of the relative Hilbert scheme for a family of nodal (or smooth) curves via its natural cycle map to the relative symmetric product. We show that the cycle map is the blowing up of the discriminant locus, which consists of cycles with multiple points. We discuss some applications and connections, notably with birational geometry and intersection theory on Hilbert schemes of smooth surfaces. Revised version corrects some minor errors.
We present a series of new results we obtained recently about the intersection numbers of tautological classes on moduli spaces of curves, including a simple formula of the n-point functions for Witten's $τ$ classes, an effective recursion formula to compute higher Weil-Petersson volumes, several new recursion formulae of intersection numbers and our proof of a conjecture of Itzykson and Zuber concerning denominators of intersection numbers. We also present Virasoro and KdV properties of generating functions of general mixed $κ$ and $ψ$ intersections.
Goulden, Jackson and Vakil observed a polynomial structure underlying one-part double Hurwitz numbers, which enumerate branched covers of $\mathbb{CP}^1$ with prescribed ramification profile over $\infty$, a unique preimage over 0, and simple branching elsewhere. This led them to conjecture the existence of moduli spaces and tautological classes whose intersection theory produces an analogue of the celebrated ELSV formula for single Hurwitz numbers. In this paper, we present three formulas that express one-part double Hurwitz numbers as intersection numbers on certain moduli spaces. The first …
We study completely the Hilbert scheme and punctual Hilbert scheme of a nodal curve, and the relative Hilbert scheme of a family of curves acquiring a node. The results are then extended, less completely, to flag Hilbert schemes, parametrizing chains of subschemes. We find, notably, that if the total space $X$ of a family $X/B$ is smooth (over an algebraically closed field $\k$), then the relative Hilbert scheme $Hilb_m(X/B)$ is smooth over $\k$ and the flag Hilbert schemes are normal and locally complete intersection, but generally singular.
Given a family $X/B$ of nodal curves, we construct canonically and compatibly with base-change, via an explicit blow-up of the Cartesian product $X^r/B$, a family $W^r(X/B)$ parametrizing length-$r$ subschemes of fibres of $X/B$ (plus some additional data). Though $W^r(X/B)$ is singular, the important sheaves on it are locally free, which allows us to study intersection theory on it and deduce enumerative applications, including some relative multiple point formulae, enumerating the length-$r$ schemes contained simultaneously in some fibre of $X/B$ and some fibre of a given map from $X$ to a s…
We describe algorithms for computing the intersection numbers of divisors and of Chern classes of the Hodge bundle on the moduli spaces of stable pointed curves. We also discuss the implementations and the results obtained. There are several applications. We discuss one in particular: the calculation of the projection in the tautological ring of the moduli space of abelian varieties of the class of the locus of Jacobians.
Building on results of Clemens and Kley, we find criteria for a continuous family of curves in a nodal $K$-trivial threefold $Y_0$ to deform to a scheme of finitely many smooth isolated curves in a general deformation $Y_t$ of $Y_0$. As an application, we show the existence of smooth isolated curves of bounded genera and unbounded degrees in Calabi-Yau complete intersections threefolds.
We study the stable hyperelliptic locus, i.e. the closure, in the Deligne- Mumford moduli space of stable curves, of the locus of smooth hyperelliptic curves. Working on a suitable blowup of the relative Hilbert scheme (of degree 2) associated to a family of stable curves, we construct a bundle map ('degree-2 Brill-Noether') from a modification of the Hodge bundle to a tautological bundle, whose degeneracy locus is the natural lift of the stable hyperelliptic locus plus a simple residual scheme. Using intersection theory on Hilbert schemes and Fulton-Macpherson residual intersection theory, th…
We verify a formula on the solution rank of the tautological system arising from ample complete intersections in a projective homogeneous space of a semisimple group conjectured by Huang--Lian--Yau--Yu arXiv:1801.01194. As an application, we prove the existence of the rank one point for such a system, where mirror symmetry is expected.
Recently Knutsen found criteria for the curves in a complete linear system $|\mathcal{L}|$ on a smooth surface $X$ in a nodal K-trivial threefold $Y_0$ to deform to a scheme of finitely many smooth isolated curves in a general deformation $Y_t$ of $Y_0$. In this article we develop new methods to check whether the set of nodes of $Y_0$ imposes independent conditions on $|\mathcal{L}|$. As an application, we find new smooth isolated curves in complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds.
The surfaces considered are real, rational and have a unique smooth real $(-2)$-curve. Their canonical class $K$ is strictly negative on any other irreducible curve in the surface and $K^2>0$. For surfaces satisfying these assumptions, we suggest a certain signed count of real rational curves that belong to a given divisor class and are simply tangent to the $(-2)$-curve at each intersection point. We prove that this count provides a number which depends neither on the point constraints nor on deformation of the surface preserving the real structure and the $(-2)$-curve.
We study nodal complete intersection threefolds of type $(2,4)$ in $\PP^5$ which contain an Enriques surface in its Fano embedding. We completely determine Calabi-Yau birational models of a generic such threefold. These models have Hodge numbers $(h^{11},h^{12})=(2,32)$. We also describe Calabi-Yau varieties with Hodge numbers equal to $(2,26)$, $(23,5)$ and $(31,1)$. The last two pairs of Hodge numbers are, to the best of our knowledge, new.
In this paper, we give three bases for the cohomology groups of the Hilbert scheme of two points on projective space. Then, we use these bases to compute all effective and nef cones of higher codimensional cycles on the Hilbert scheme. Next, we compute the class in one of these bases of the Chern classes of tautological bundles coming from line bundles. Finally, we provide an application of these results to the degrees of secant varieties of complete intersections.
We study the ring generated by the Chern classes of tautological line bundles on the moduli space of parabolic bundles of arbitrary rank on a Riemann surface. We show the Poincaré duals to these Chern classes have simple geometric representatives. We use this construction to show that the ring generated by these Chern classes vanishes below the dimension of the moduli space, in analogy with the Newstead-Ramanan conjecture for stable bundles.
The paper is a part of our program to build up a theory of couting immersed nodal curve on algebraic surfaces, as an enumerative Riemann-Roch theory (outlined in math.AG/0405113). In this paper, we discuss the excess intersection theory of the so-called type two exceptional curves, which plays the analogous role as the "index of speciality" (h^2) in the classical surface Riemann-Roch formula. We show that the algebraic family Seiberg-Witten theory of type I exceptional curves can be generalized to the theory of type II exceptional curves when the family moduli spaces are not regular of the exp…
