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arXiv 0905.1265astro-ph.HE
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超铝X射线源样品中光变的系统研究

A Systematic Study of Variability in a Sample of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources

L. M. Heil, S. Vaughan, T. P. Roberts

摘要:

我们目前的结果,从短期的变化,在19个档案观测XMM-牛顿的16个超铝X射线源(ULXs)的研究。八个观测结果(六个来源)显示出内在的变化与功率谱的形式,无论是一个幂律或打破幂律类连续,在某些情况下,准周期振荡(QPO)。其余的观察结果用于确定隐藏在其中的可能变异性强度的上限。七个观测(七个来源)得出的上限与从具有可检测变化的观测中测得的值相当或更高。这些代表了7个最微弱的光源,它们的f_x都小于3 × 10 ^-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1。与此相反,有四个观测(三个来源)给出的上限值明显低于ULX观测的测量值(可检测到变化),以及通过与明亮的银河系黑洞X射线双星(BHB)和活动星系核(AGN)在观测频带(10^-3 - 1 Hz)中进行比较而预期的值。无论假设特征频率适合恒星质量(10 M_sun)还是中等质量(1000 M_sun)的黑洞,情况都是如此,这意味着与明亮的BHB和AGN相比,在某些ULX中,可变性被显著抑制。我们讨论的方法来解释这种不寻常的抑制方面的观察和内在的影响,以及这些解决方案是否支持我们的研究结果。

英文摘要:

We present results from a study of short term variability in 19 archival observations by XMM-Newton of 16 Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs). Eight observations (six sources) showed intrinsic variability with power spectra in the form of either a power law or broken power law-like continuum and in some cases quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). The remaining observations were used to place upper limits on the strength of possible variability hidden within. Seven observations (seven sources) yielded upper limits comparable to, or higher than, the values measured from those observations with detectable variations. These represented the seven faintest sources all with f_x < 3x10^-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1. In contrast there are four observations (three sources) that gave upper limits significantly lower than both the values measured from the ULX observations with detectable variations, and the values expected by comparison with luminous Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) in the observed frequency bandpass (10^-3 - 1 Hz). This is the case irrespective of whether one assumes characteristic frequencies appropriate for a stellar mass (10 M_sun) or an intermediate mass (1000 M_sun) black hole, and means that in some ULXs the variability is significantly suppressed compared to bright BHBs and AGN. We discuss ways to account for this unusual suppression in terms of both observational and intrinsic effects and whether these solutions are supported by our results.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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