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arXiv 2408.13503astro-ph.HE
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探究NGC 628中一个极亮X射线源的本质

Exploring the nature of an ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 628

Hasan Avdan, Senay Avdan

AI总结:

本研究利用多历元X射线数据分析了NGC 628中极亮X射线源的光谱与时域性质,结合光学数据寻找对应体,推测致密天体可能是3-16太阳质量的黑洞,但难以排除中子星可能。

摘要:

在本研究中,我们利用多历元档案X射线数据研究了NGC 628中一个极亮X射线源(ULX)的X射线光谱和时域性质。在每个历元中估算了物理参数,以约束系统中致密天体的本质。同时,利用档案Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)数据检验了该ULX的光学对应体候选者。使用XMM-Newton、Chandra和Swift数据创建了长期光变曲线(覆盖22年)并进行光谱分析。构建了该源的Lomb-Scargle周期图以检验每个历元中的短期变异性。为了在HST/WFC3图像中寻找光学对应体,最初对Chandra和HST/WFC3图像应用了相对天体测量校正。在整个观测期间,该源的X射线流量变化了约200倍。通过使用Lomb-Scargle方法,证实了先前探测到的准周期信号(在0.1-0.4 mHz范围内)。经过天体测量校正后,为该源探测到了两个光学对应体候选者。两个候选者在光学波段获得的能谱分布表明,光学发射由吸积盘的辐照主导。考虑多色盘黑体模型的最佳拟合模型参数,我们推导出系统中黑洞的质量在(3-16)太阳质量范围内。尽管如此,长期变异性以及硬度-光度图中的光谱跃迁使得难以排除中子星的可能性。

英文摘要:

In this work, we study the X-ray spectral and temporal properties of an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in NGC 628 by using multi-epoch archival X-ray data. The physical parameters were estimated in each epoch in order to constrain the nature of the compact object in the system. Also, the optical counterpart candidates of the ULX were examined using the archival {\it Hubble} Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) data. {\it XMM-Newton}, {\it Chandra}, and {\it Swift} data were used to create the long-term light curve (which covers a period of 22 years) and perform the spectral analysis. Lomb-Scargle periodograms of the source were constructed to examine the short-term variability in each epoch. In order to search for an optical counterpart in the HST/WFC3 images, a relative astrometric correction was initially applied to the {\it Chandra} and HST/WFC3 images. The X-ray flux of the source changes by a factor of $\sim 200$ throughout the observations. The previously detected quasi-periodic signal (in the range of 0.1$-$0.4 mHz) was confirmed by using the Lomb-Scargle method. After astrometric correction, two optical counterpart candidates were detected for the source. The obtained spectral energy distributions in the optical band for both candidates indicate that the optical emission is dominated by the irradiation of the accretion disc. Considering the best-fit model parameters of the multi-colour disc black-body model, we derived the mass of the black hole in the system as being in the range of (3$-$16) $M_{\odot}$. Nonetheless, the long-term variability and the spectral transitions in the hardness-luminosity diagram make it difficult to rule out the neutron star scenario.

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