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arXiv 0904.3779gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-ph
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宇宙学常数是共形异常的表现吗?

The cosmological constant as a manifestation of the conformal anomaly?

Evan C. Thomas, Federico R. Urban, Ariel R. Zhitnitsky

摘要:

我们提出,宇宙学真空能量之谜的解决方案可能来自有效引力理论的红外部分,其中痕量异常的影响是最相关的。我们继续通过引入两个辅助字段,这是能够描述的量子态的多样性,通过规范的宏观(IR)的边界条件,在紫外量子效应。我们的研究旨在找到一个现实的宇宙学解决方案,解释所观察到的宇宙学常数作为一个明确定义的赤字在零点能量密度的宇宙。能量密度来自于相变,它改变了量子基态的性质。我们明确地将低能引力表述为有效场论,并精确定义了“归一化点”,即在闵可夫斯基真空中“重整化宇宙学常数“被设置为零的点,在闵可夫斯基真空中,爱因斯坦方程随着里奇张量的消失而自动满足。根据这个定义,引力的有效QFT具有预测能力。特别是,它必须预测系统在任何非平凡的几何形状,包括真空能量行为的红外线,而不是紫外线,输入参数的函数的演变。

英文摘要:

We propose that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle may come from the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity, where the impact of the trace anomaly is of upmost relevance. We proceed by introducing two auxiliary fields, which are capable of describing a diversity of quantum states via specification of their macroscopic (IR) boundary conditions, in contrast to ultraviolet quantum effects. Our investigation aims at finding a realistic cosmological solution which interprets the observed cosmological constant as a well defined deficit in the zero point energy density of the Universe. The energy density arises from a phase transition, which alters the properties of the quantum ground state. We explicitly formulate low energy gravity as an effective field theory with a precise definition of the "point of normalization" as the point at which the "renormalized cosmological constant" is set to zero in the Minkowski vacuum, in which the Einstein equations are automatically satisfied as the Ricci tensor identically vanishes. With this definition the effective QFT of gravity has a predictive power. In particular, it must predict the evolution of the system in any nontrivial geometry, including the vacuum energy behaviour as a function of infrared, rather than ultraviolet, input parameters.

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