arXiv 0903.10912009-03physics.plasm-phphysics.flu-dyn

回旋运动turbulence理论：多尺度方法

The theory of gyrokinetic turbulence: A multiple-scales approach

Gabriel G. Plunk

备注：: The PhD dissertation of Gabriel Galad Plunk, UCLA (2009)

摘要：

陀螺动力学是一个丰富和有益的游乐场研究一些现代物理学的奥秘。在这篇论文中，我提出的工作，对聚变能的追求，旨在揭示一些内部运作的湍流磁化等离子体的动机。我开始的基本理论的陀螺动力学，和一个新的配方，其扩展到平均规模的运输方程-方程必须解决，以确定磁约束聚变装置的性能。第二个项目提出了回旋二次不稳定性理论作为一种机制，使饱和的基本不稳定性，驱动回旋湍流。重点放在这个分析理论预测的非线性状态，它可以应用于混合长度现象学的运输的基本属性的能力。最后一个项目是从惯性范围内的流体湍流的理解的方法的应用，以描述充分发展的二维回旋湍流的定态。这项工作探讨了相空间级联的相对较新的想法，即在位置空间和速度空间中非线性地产生精细尺度，并最终通过碰撞熵产生来平滑。这个过程构成了在湍流等离子体的真正稳定状态下发生的热力学平衡，包括在聚变装置中发现的那些。

英文摘要：

Gyrokinetics is a rich and rewarding playground to study some of the mysteries of modern physics. In this thesis I present work, motivated by the quest for fusion energy, which seeks to uncover some of the inner workings of turbulence in magnetized plasmas. I begin with the fundamental theory of gyrokinetics, and a novel formulation of its extension to the equations for mean-scale transport -- the equations which must be solved to determine the performance of magnetically confined fusion devices. The second project presents gyrokinetic secondary instability theory as a mechanism to bring about saturation of the basic instabilities that drive gyrokinetic turbulence. Emphasis is put on the ability for this analytic theory to predict basic properties of the nonlinear state, which can be applied to a mixing length phenomenology of transport. The final project is an application of the methods from inertial range understanding of fluid turbulence, to describe the stationary state of fully developed two-dimensional gyrokinetic turbulence. This work explores the relatively new idea of a phase-space cascade, whereby fine scales are nonlinearly generated in both position space and velocity space, and ultimately smoothed by collisional entropy production. This process constitutes the thermodynamic balance which occurs in the true steady state of a turbulent plasma, including those found in fusion devices.

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英文摘要：

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