In this paper we develop representation theory of the two fold central extension of SL(2) over the field of 2-adic numbers. As a consequence, we obtain a local Shimura correspondence between the two fold central extension of SL(2) and the linear group PGL(2), which we show to be compatible with the global Shimura correspondence at p=2.
In this paper we want to define the Kohnen plus space for Hilbert modular forms with a odd square-free level and a quadratic character by a representation-theoretic way. We will show that in the classical case the one we defined is the same with the one given by Kohnen. Also, we will interpret the actions of the Hecke operators on the new forms in the plus space and give a characterization for the new forms using Hecke operators. All the results with respect to Hecke operators can are comparable with the integral weight case.
In 1975, Cohen constructed a kind of one-variable modular forms of half-integral weight, says $r+(1/2),$ whose $n$-th Fourier coefficient $H(n)$ only occurs when $(-1)^r n$ is congruent to 0 or 1 modulo 4. The space of modular forms whose Fourier coefficients have the above property is called Kohnen plus space, initially introduced by Kohnen in 1980. Recently, Hiraga and Ikeda generalized the Kohnen plus space to the spaces for half-integral weight Hilbert modular forms with respect to general totally real number fields. If one such Hilbert modular form $f$ of parallel weight $κ+(1/2)$ lying i…
The Kohnen plus space, roughly speaking, is a space consisting of modular forms of half integral weight with some property in Fourier coefficients. For example, the $n$-th coefficient of a normal modular form of weight $k+1/2$ in the plus space is $0$ unless $(-1)^kn$ is congruent to some square modulo $4$. The concept of plus space was initially introduced by Kohnen in 1980. Eichler and Zagier showed that the plus space is isomorphic to the space of Jacobi forms in the one variable case. Later, Ibukiyama generalized these results to the cases for Siegel modular forms in 1992. Also, Hiraga and…
Kohnen introduced a limit process for Siegel modular forms that produces Jacobi forms. He asked if there is a space of real-analytic Siegel modular forms such that skew-holomorphic Jacobi forms arise via this limit process. In this paper, we initiate the study of harmonic skew-Maass-Jacobi forms and harmonic Siegel-Maass forms. We improve a result of Maass on the Fourier coefficients of harmonic Siegel-Maass forms, which allows us to establish a connection to harmonic skew-Maass-Jacobi forms. In particular, we answer Kohnen's question in the affirmative.
The Rankin-Selberg integral of Kohnen and Skoruppa produces the Spin $L$-function for holomorphic Siegel modular forms of genus two. In this paper, we reinterpret and extend their integral to apply to arbitrary cuspidal automorphic representations of $\mathrm{PGSp}_4$. We show that the integral is related to a non-unique model and analyze it using the approach of Piatetski-Shapiro and Rallis.
This work represents a systematic computational study of the distribution of the Fourier coefficients of cuspidal Hecke eigenforms of level $Γ_0(4)$ and half-integral weights. Based on substantial calculations, the question is raised whether the distribution of normalised Fourier coefficients with bounded indices can be approximated by a generalised Gaussian distribution. Moreover, it is argued that the apparent symmetry around zero of the data lends strong evidence to the Bruinier-Kohnen Conjecture on the equidistribution of signs and even suggests the strengthening that signs and absolute va…
We prove that Heegner cycles of codimension m+1 inside Kuga-Sato type varieties of dimension 2m+1 are coefficients of modular forms of weight 3/2+m in the appropriate quotient group. The main technical tool for generating the necessary relations is a Borcherds style theta lift with polynomials. We also show how this lift defines a new singular Shimura-type correspondence from weakly holomorphic modular forms of weight 1/2-m to meromorphic modular forms of weight 2m+2.
In [6], Kohnen proves that if $Γ=Γ_0(N)$ where $N$ is a square-free integer, then any modular function of weight $0$ for $Γ$ having a divisor supported at the cusps is an $η$-product. Under the condition of having rational Fourier coefficients, we are able to extend Kohnen's result to the case where $N$ is the square of a prime. If the rationality condition does not hold, we show that the statement is no longer true by providing a family of counter-examples that generalizes naturally the Dedekind $η$-function. This paper fits within the framework of generalized modular forms in the sense of Kn…
We define a subspace of the space of holomorphic modular forms of weight $k+1/2$ and level $4M$ where $M$ is odd and square-free. We show that this subspace is isomorphic under the Shimura-Niwa correspondence to the space of newforms of weight $2k$ and level $2M$ and that this is a Hecke isomorphism. The space we define is a proper subspace of the orthogonal complement of the Kohnen plus space if the Kohnen plus space is nonzero.
Associated to an (adelic) Hilbert modular form is a sequence of `Fourier coefficients' which uniquely determine the form. In this paper we characterize Hilbert modular cusp forms by the size of their Fourier coefficients. This answers in the affirmative a question posed by Winfried Kohnen.
We bound the supnorm of half-integral weight Hecke eigenforms in the Kohnen plus space of level $4$ in the weight aspect, by combining bounds obtained from the Fourier expansion with the amplification method using a Bergman kernel.
In this article, we study the nature of zeros of weakly holomorphic modular forms. In particular, we prove results about transcendental zeros of modular forms of higher levels and for certain Fricke groups which extend a work of Kohnen. Furthermore, we investigate the algebraic independence of values of weakly holomorphic modular forms.
While investigating the Doi-Naganuma lift, Zagier defined integral weight cusp forms $f_D$ which are naturally defined in terms of binary quadratic forms of discriminant $D$. It was later determined by Kohnen and Zagier that the generating function for the $f_D$ is a half-integral weight cusp form. A natural preimage of $f_D$ under a differential operator at the heart of the theory of harmonic weak Maass forms was determined by the first two authors and Kohnen. In this paper, we consider the modularity properties of the generating function of these preimages. We prove that although the generat…
We establish an isomorphism between certain complex-valued and vector-valued modular form spaces of half-integral weight, generalizing the well-known isomorphism between modular forms for $Γ_0(4)$ with Kohnen's plus condition and modular forms for the Weil representation associated to the discriminant form for the lattice with Gram matrix $(2)$. With such an isomorphism, we prove the Zagier duality and write down the Borcherds lifts explicitly.
Let k and n be positive even integers. For a cuspidal Hecke eigenform h in the Kohnen plus space of weight k-n/2+1/2, let f be the corresponding primitive form of weight 2k-n for SL(2,Z) under the Shimura correspondence, and I(h) the Duke-Imamoglu-Ikeda lift of h to the space of cusp forms of weight k of genus n. Moreover, let FJ(I(h),1) be the first Fourier-Jacobi coefficient of I(h) and s(FJ(I(h),1)) be the cusp form in the generalized Kohnen plus space of weight k-1/2 corresponding to FJ(I(h),1) under the Ibukiyama isomorphism. We then give an explicit formula for the Koecher-Maass series o…
In this note, we show that the algebraicity of the Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms can be determined by checking the algebraicity of the first few of them. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for a half-integral weight modular form to be in Kohnen's +-subspace by considering only finitely many terms.
In this paper we formulate a conjecture which partially generalizes the Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem to higher weight modular forms. For f in S_k(N) satisfying certain conditions, we construct a map from the Heegner points of level N to a complex torus defined by f. We define higher weight analogues of Heegner divisors on this torus. We conjecture they all lie on a line, and their positions are given by the coefficients of a certain Jacobi form corresponding to f. In weight 2, our map is the modular parametrization map (restricted to Heegner points), and our conjectures are implied by Gross-Koh…
Let F be a Siegel cusp form of weight k and genus n>1 with Fourier-Jacobi coefficients f_m. In this article, we estimate the growth of the Petersson norms of f_m, where m runs over an arithmetic progression. This result sharpens a recent result of Kohnen in [5].
We investigate the analogue of the Quantum Unique Ergodicity (QUE) conjecture for half-integral weight automorphic forms. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH) we establish QUE for both half-integral weight holomorphic Hecke cusp forms for $Γ_0(4)$ lying in Kohnen's plus subspace and for half-integral weight Hecke Maaß cusp forms for $Γ_0(4)$ lying in Kohnen's plus subspace. By combining the former result along with an argument of Rudnick, it follows that under GRH the zeros of these holomorphic Hecke cusp equidistribute with respect to hyperbolic measure on $Γ_0(4)\backslash \math…
We study the meromorphic modular forms defined as sums of -k (k>1) powers of integral quadratic polynomials with negative discriminant. These functions can be viewed as meromorphic analogues of the holomorphic modular forms defined in the same way with positive discriminant, first investigated by Zagier in connection with the Doi-Naganuma map and then by Kohnen and Zagier in connection with the Shimura-Shintani lifts. We compute the Fourier coefficients of these meromorphic modular forms and we show that they split into the sum of a meromorphic modular form with computable algebraic Fourier co…
We compute the arithmetic intersection numbers of certain Heegner divisors on integral models of Shimura curves over Q. Our formulas generalize the formulas of Gross-Kohnen-Zagier for intersection numbers of Heegner divisors on integral models of modular curves.
We consider some questions related to the signs of Hecke eigenvalues or Fourier coefficients of classical modular forms. One problem is to determine to what extent those signs, for suitable sets of primes, determine uniquely the modular form, and we give both individual and statistical results. The second problem, which has been considered by a number of authors, is to determine the size, in terms of the conductor and weight, of the first sign-change of Hecke eigenvalues. Here we improve significantly the recent estimate of Iwaniec, Kohnen and Sengupta.
We prove that products of at most two vector valued Eisenstein series that originate in level 1 span all spaces of cusp forms for congruence subgroups. This can be viewed as an analogue in the level aspect to a result that goes back to Rankin, and Kohnen and Zagier, which focuses on the weight aspect. The main feature of the proof are vector valued Hecke operators. We recover several classical constructions from them, including classical Hecke operators, Atkin-Lehner involutions, and oldforms. As a corollary to our main theorem, we obtain a vanishing condition for modular forms reminiscent of …
The Rankin convolution type Dirichlet series $D_{F,G}(s)$ of Siegel modular forms $F$ and $G$ of degree two, which was introduced by Kohnen and the second author, is computed numerically for various $F$ and $G$. In particular, we prove that the series $D_{F,G}(s)$, which share the same functional equation and analytic behavior with the spinor $L$-functions of eigenforms of the same weight are not linear combinations of those. In order to conduct these experiments a numerical method to compute the Petersson scalar products of Jacobi Forms is developed and discussed in detail.
A modular grid is a pair of sequences $(f_m)_m$ and $(g_n)_n$ of weakly holomorphic modular forms such that for almost all $m$ and $n$, the coefficient of $q^n$ in $f_m$ is the negative of the coefficient of $q^m$ in $g_n$. Zagier proved this coefficient duality in weights $1/2$ and $3/2$ in the Kohnen plus space, and such grids have appeared for Poincaré series, for modular forms of integral weight, and in many other situations. We give a general proof of coefficient duality for canonical row-reduced bases of spaces of weakly holomorphic modular forms of integral or half-integral weight for e…
Let $k$ be a positive integer such that $k\equiv3\mod4$, and let $N$ be a positive square-free integer. In this paper, we compute a basis for the two-dimensional subspace $S_{\frac{k}{2}}(Γ_{0}(4N),F)$ of half-integral weight modular forms associated, via the Shimura correspondence, to a newform $F\in S_{k-1}(Γ_{0}(N))$, which satisfies $L(F,\frac{1}{2})\neq0$. This is accomplished by using a result of Waldspurger, which allows one to produce a basis for the forms that correspond to a given $F$ via local considerations, once a form in the Kohnen space has been determined
Kohnen and Sengupta proved that two cusp forms of different integral weights with real algebraic Fourier coefficients have infinitely many Fourier coefficients of the same as well as of opposite sign, up to the action of a Galois automorphism. Recently Gun, Kohnen and Rath strengthen their result by comparing the simultaneous sign changes of Fourier coefficients of two cusp forms with arbitrary real Fourier coefficients. The simultaneous sign changes of Fourier coefficients of two same integral weight cusp forms follow from an earlier work of Ram Murty. In this note we compare the signs of the…
Mock modular forms, which give the theoretical framework for Ramanujan's enigmatic mock theta functions, play many roles in mathematics. We study their role in the context of modular parameterizations of elliptic curves $E/\mathbb{Q}$. We show that mock modular forms which arise from Weierstrass $ζ$-functions encode the central $L$-values and $L$-derivatives which occur in the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture. By defining a theta lift using a kernel recently studied by Hövel, we obtain canonical weight 1/2 harmonic Maass forms whose Fourier coefficients encode the vanishing of these values…
Let $f=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}a(n)q^{n}\in S_{k+1/2}(N,χ_{0})$ be a non-zero cuspidal Hecke eigenform of weight $k+\frac{1}{2}$ and the trivial nebentypus $χ_{0}$ where the Fourier coefficients $a(n)$ are real. Bruinier and Kohnen conjectured that the signs of $a(n)$ are equidistributed. This conjecture was proved to be true by Inam, Wiese and Arias-de-Reyna for the subfamilies $\{a(t n^{2})\}_{n}$ where $t$ is a squarefree integer such that $a(t)\neq 0$. Let $q$ and $d$ be natural numbers such that $(d,q)=1$. In this work, we show that $\{a(t n^{2})\}_{n}$ is equidistributed over any arithmetic p…
Recently Bringmann, Raum and Richter generalised the definition of Jacobi forms and Skoruppa's skew-holomorphic Jacobi forms by intertwining with harmonic Maass forms. We prove the isomorphism of the Kohnen's plus space analogue of harmonic Maass forms of weight $k-1/2$ for $Γ_0(4m)$ and the space of these skew-holomorphic harmonic Maass-Jacobi forms of weight $k$ and index $m$ for $k$ odd and $m=1$ or a prime.
Consider the Fourier expansions of two elements of a given space of modular forms. How many leading coefficients must agree in order to guarantee that the two expansions are the same? Sturm gave an upper bound for modular forms of a given weight and level. This was adapted by Ram Murty, Kohnen and Ghitza to the case of two eigenforms of the same level but having potentially different weights. We consider their expansions modulo a prime ideal, presenting a new bound. In the process of analysing this bound, we generalise a result of Bach and Sorenson, who provide a practical upper bound for the …
For an imaginary quadratic field $K$ of discriminant $-D$, let $χ= χ_K$ be the associated quadratic character. We will show that the space of special hermitian Jacobi forms of level $N$ is isomorphic to the space of plus forms of level $DN$ and nebentypus $χ$ (the hermitian analogue of Kohnen's plus space) for any integer $N$ prime to $D$. This generalizes the results of Krieg from $N = 1$ to arbitrary level. Combining this isomorphism with the recent work of Berger and Klosin and a modification of Ikeda's construction we prove the existence of a lift from the space of elliptic modular forms t…
Let $k$ and $n$ be positive even integers. For a Hecke eigenform $h$ in the Kohnen plus subspace of weight $k-n/2+1/2$ for $\varGamma_0(4)$, let $I_n(h)$ be the Duke-Imamoglu-Ikeda lift of $h$ to the space of cusp forms of weight $k$ for $Sp_n(\mathbb Z)$. We then give an estimate of the Fourier coefficients of $I_n(h)$. It is better than the usual Hecke bound for the Fourier coefficients of a Siegel cusp form.
Let f be a cusp form of weight k+1/2 and at most quadratic nebentype character whose Fourier coefficients a(n) are all real. We study an equidistribution conjecture of Bruinier and Kohnen for the signs of a(n). We prove this conjecture for certain subfamilies of coefficients that are accessible via the Shimura lift by using the Sato-Tate equidistribution theorem for integral weight modular forms. Firstly, an unconditional proof is given for the family {a(tp^2)}_p where t is a squarefree number and p runs through the primes. In this case, the result is in terms of natural density. To prove it f…
Let $q:=e^{2 πiz}$, where $z \in \mathbb{H}$. For an even integer $k$, let $f(z):=q^h\prod_{m=1}^{\infty}(1-q^m)^{c(m)}$ be a meromorphic modular form of weight $k$ on $Γ_0(N)$. For a positive integer $m$, let $T_m$ be the $m$th Hecke operator and $D$ be a divisor of a modular curve with level $N$. Both subjects, the exponents $c(m)$ of a modular form and the distribution of the points in the support of $T_m. D$, have been widely investigated. When the level $N$ is one, Bruinier, Kohnen, and Ono obtained, in terms of the values of $j$-invariant function, identities between the exponents $c(m)$…
With the method of moments and the mollification method, we study the central $L$-values of GL(2) Maass forms of weight $0$ and level $1$ and establish a positive-proportional nonvanishing result of such values in the aspect of large spectral parameter in short intervals, which is qualitatively optimal in view of Weyl's law. As an application of this result and a formula of Katok--Sarnak, we give a nonvanishing result on the first Fourier coefficients of Maass forms of weight $\frac{1}{2}$ and level $4$ in the Kohnen plus space.
Let $g$ be a Hecke cusp form of half-integral weight, level $4$ and belonging to Kohnen's plus subspace. Let $c(n)$ denote the $n$th Fourier coefficient of $g$, normalized so that $c(n)$ is real for all $n \geq 1$. A theorem of Waldspurger determines the magnitude of $c(n)$ at fundamental discriminants $n$ by establishing that the square of $c(n)$ is proportional to the central value of a certain $L$-function. The signs of the sequence $c(n)$ however remain mysterious. Conditionally on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we show that $c(n) < 0$ and respectively $c(n) > 0$ holds for a positive …
In this article, the authors give a lower bound on the number of sign changes of Fourier coefficients of a non-zero degree two Siegel cusp form of even integral weight on a Hecke congruence subgroup. They also provide an explicit upper bound for the first sign change of Fourier coefficients of such Siegel cusp forms. Explicit upper bound on the first sign change of Fourier coefficients of a non-zero Siegel cusp form of even integral weight on the Siegel modular group for arbitrary genus were dealt in an earlier work of Choie, the first author and Kohnen.
Following Rankin's method, D. Zagier computed the $n$-th Rankin-Cohen bracket of a modular form $g$ of weight $k_1$ with the Eisenstein series of weight $k_2$ and then computed the inner product of this Rankin-Cohen bracket with a cusp form $f$ of weight $k = k_1+k_2+2n$ and showed that this inner product gives, upto a constant, the special value of the Rankin-Selberg convolution of $f$ and $g$. This result was generalized to Jacobi forms of degree 1 by Y. Choie and W. Kohnen. In this paper, we generalize this result to Jacobi forms defined over ${\mathcal H} \times {\mathbb C}^{(g, 1)}$.
This doctoral thesis studies the overlap between two well-known collections of results in number theory: the theory of periods and period polynomials of modular forms as developed by Eichler, Shimura and Manin and its extensions by Köhnen and Zagier, and the theory of 'multiple zeta values' (MZV's) as initied by Euler and studied by many authors in the last two decades. These two theories had been linked by Manin, who introduced 'multiple L-values' (MLV's). We propose to study those families of number and especially the relations among them, generalizing the Eichler-Shimura-Manin relations, an…
In the 1980s Böcherer formulated a conjecture relating the central value of the quadratic twists of the spinor L-function attached to a Siegel modular form F to the coefficients of F . He proved the conjecture when F is a Saito-Kurokawa lift. Later Kohnen and Kuss gave numerical evidence for the conjecture in the case when F is a rational eigenform that is not a Saito-Kurokawa lift. In this paper we develop a conjecture relating the central value of the quadratic twists of the spinor L-function attached to a paramodular form and the coefficients of the form. We prove the conjecture in the case…
In this paper we define a new type of modular object and construct explicit examples of such functions. Our functions are closely related to cusp forms constructed by Zagier which played an important role in the construction by Kohnen and Zagier of a kernel function for the Shimura and Shintani lifts between half-integral and integral weight cusp forms. Although our functions share many properties in common with harmonic weak Maass forms, they also have some properties which strikingly contrast those exhibited by harmonic weak Maass forms. As a first application of the new theory developed in …
Let $q$ be a prime, $P \geq 1$ and let $N_q(P)$ denote the number of rational primes $p \leq P$ that split in the imaginary quadratic field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-q})$. The first part of this paper establishes various unconditional and conditional (under existence of a Siegel zero) lower bounds for $N_q(P)$ in the range $q^{1/4+\varepsilon} \leq P \leq q$, for any fixed $\varepsilon>0$. This improves upon what is implied by work of Pollack and Benli-Pollack. The second part of this paper is dedicated to proving an estimate for a bilinear form involving Weyl sums for modular square roots (equivalen…
Let f be a cuspidal newform with complex multiplication (CM) and let p be an odd prime at which f is non-ordinary. We construct admissible p-adic L-functions for the symmetric powers of f, thus verifying general conjectures of Dabrowski and Panchishkin in this special case. We also construct their "mixed" plus and minus counterparts and prove an analogue of Pollack's decomposition of the admissible p-adic L-functions into mixed plus and minus p-adic L-functions. On the arithmetic side, we define corresponding mixed plus and minus Selmer groups. We unite the arithmetic with the analytic by firs…
Let k and n be positive even integers. For a cuspidal Hecke eigenform h in the Kohnen plus subspace of weight k-n/2+1/2 and level 4, let I(h) be the Duke-Imamoglu-Ikeda lift of h in the space of cusp forms of weight k for Sp(n,Z), and f the primitive form of weight 2k-n for SL(2,Z) corresponding to h under the Shimura correspondence. We then express the ratio <I(h),I(h)>/< h, h > of the period of I(h) to that of h in terms of special values of certain L-functions of f. This proves the conjecture proposed by Ikeda concerning the period of the Duke-Imamoglu-Ikeda lift.
In this paper, we associate Galois representations to globally generic cuspidal automorphic representations on GSp(4), over a totally real field F, which are Steinberg at some finite place. This association is compatible with the local Langlands correspondence for GSp(4) studied recently in a preprint of Gan and Takeda. As a corollary, we relate the rank of the monodromy operator at p to the dimensions of the parahoric fixed spaces at p. The Galois representations are constructed by first passing to GL(4) over a CM extension, then applying the book of Harris-Taylor plus a refinement due to Tay…
We show that if an Eisenstein component of the $p$-adic Hecke algebra associated to modular forms is Gorenstein, then it is necessary that the plus-part of a certain ideal class group is trivial. We also show that this condition is sufficient whenever a conjecture of Sharifi holds.