We present a study of outflow and feedback in the well-known Seyfert 2 galaxy Markarian 573 using high angular resolution long-slit spectrophotometry obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). Through analysis of the kinematics and ionization state of a biconical outflow region emanating from the nucleus, we find that the outflow does not significantly accelerate the surrounding host-galaxy interstellar gas and is too weak to be a strong ionization mechanism in the extended emission regions. Instead, the excitation of the extended regions is consistent with photoionization by the active nucleus. From energetics arguments we show that the nuclear outflow is slow and heavy and has a mechanical luminosity that is only ~1% of the estimated bolometric luminosity of the system. The energy in the outflow is able to mildly shape the gas in the extended regions but appears to be insufficient to unbind it, or even to plausibly disrupt star formation. These results are at odds with the picture of strong AGN feedback that has been invoked to explain certain aspects of galaxy evolution.
Outflows of ionized gas driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) may significantly impact the evolution of their host galaxies. However, determining the energetics of these outflows is difficult with spatially unresolved observations that are subject to strong global selection effects. We present part of an ongoing study using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Apache Point Observatory (APO) spectroscopy and imaging to derive spatially-resolved mass outflow rates and energetics for narrow line region (NLR) outflows in nearby AGN that are based on multi-component photoionization models to account f…
We present the first spatially resolved mass outflow rate measurements ($\dot M_{out}$) of the optical emission line gas in the narrow line region (NLR) of a Seyfert 2 galaxy, Markarian 573. Using long slit spectra and [O III] imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope and Apache Point Observatory in conjunction with emission line diagnostics and Cloudy photoionization models, we find a peak outflow rate of $\dot M_{out} \approx$ 3.4 $\pm$ 0.5 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ at a distance of 210 pc from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The outflow extends to distances of 600 pc from the nucleus …
We present spatially resolved mass outflow rate measurements ($\dot M_{out}$) for the narrow line region of Markarian 34, the nearest Compton-thick type 2 quasar (QSO2). Spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and at Apache Point Observatory reveal complex kinematics, with distinct signatures of outflow and rotation within 2 kpc of the nucleus. Using multi-component photoionization models, we find that the outflow contains a total ionized gas mass of $M \approx 1.6 \times 10^6 M_{\odot}$. Combining this with the kinematics yields a peak outflow rate of $\dot M_{out} \approx 2.0 \pm 0.…
We report on high resolution CO(1-0), CS(2-1) and 3mm continuum Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA) observations of the molecular outflow host and nearest quasar Markarian 231. We use the CS(2-1) measurements to derive a dense gas mass within Mrk231 of $1.8\pm0.3\times10^{10}~M_\odot$, consistent with previous measurements. The CS(2-1) data also seem to indicate that the molecular disk of Mrk231 is forming stars at about normal efficiency. The high resolution CARMA observations were able to resolve the CO(1-0) outflow into two distinct lobes, allowing for a size estimat…
We have examined the physical conditions in the narrow-line region (NLR) of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Markarian 3, using long-slit spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and photoionization models. We find three components of photoionized gas in the NLR. Two of these components, characterized by emission lines such as [NeV] 3426 and [OIII] 5007, lie within the envelope of the bi-conical region described in our previous kinematic study. A component of lower ionization gas, in which lines such as [OII] 3727 arise, is found to lie outside the bi-cone. Eac…
We present the best sensitivity and angular resolution maps of the molecular disk and outflow of Mrk 231, as traced by CO observations obtained with IRAM/PdBI, and we analyze archival Chandra and NuSTAR observations. We constrain the physical properties of both the molecular disk and outflow, the presence of a highly-ionized ultra-fast nuclear wind, and their connection. The molecular outflow has a size of ~1 kpc, and extends in all directions around the nucleus, being more prominent along the south-west to north-east direction, suggesting a wide-angle biconical geometry. The maximum projected…
We present the analysis of the ALMA CO(2-1) emission line and the underlying 1.2 mm continuum of Mrk509 with spatial resolution of 270 pc. This local Seyfert 1.5 galaxy, optically classified as a spheroid, is known to host a ionised disc, a starburst ring, and ionised gas winds on both nuclear and galactic scales. From CO(2-1) we estimate a molecular gas mass $M_{H_2}=1.7\times 10^9\, \rm M_{\odot}$, located within a disc of size 5.2 kpc, with $M_{dyn}$=(2.0$\pm$1.1) $\times$ $10^{10}\, \rm M_{\odot}$ inclined at $44\pm10$ deg. The molecular gas fraction within the disc is $μ_{gas}=5\%$. The g…
Previous studies of the Na I D interstellar absorption line doublet have shown that galactic winds occur in most galaxies with high infrared luminosities. However, in infrared-bright composite systems where a starburst coexists with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), it is unclear whether the starburst, the AGN, or both are driving the outflows. The present paper describes the results from a search for outflows in 35 infrared-faint Seyferts with 10^9.9 < L_IR/L_sun < 10^11, or, equivalently, star formation rates (SFR) of ~0.4 -- 9 solar masses per year, to attempt to isolate the source of the o…
The oxygen-bearing molecular ions OH+, H2O+, and H3O+ are key species that probe the ionization rate of (partially) molecular gas that is ionized by X-rays and cosmic rays permeating the interstellar medium. We report Herschel far-infrared and submillimeter spectroscopic observations of OH+ in Mrk 231, showing both ground-state P-Cygni profiles, and excited line profiles with blueshifted absorption wings extending up to ~1000 km s^{-1}. In addition, OH+ probes an excited component peaking at central velocities, likely arising from the torus probed by the OH centimeter-wave megamaser. Four line…
Radio outflows of extents ranging from a few parsecs to a few kiloparsecs are present in Seyfert and LINER galaxies that make up the `radio-quiet' AGN class. AGN jets and/or starburst superwinds have been suggested to produce these outflows. We present a brief review of radio outflows in Seyfert and LINER galaxies on different spatial scales. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of several individual Seyferts and LINERs suggest a link between AGN jets on parsec-scales and their kiloparsec-scale radio structures (KSRs). The whole range of misalignment angles present between the…
We study the interstellar Na I $λλ5890, 5895$ (Na D) absorption-line doublet in a nearly-complete sample of $\sim$9900 nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies, in order to quantify the significance of optical AGN activity in driving kpc-scale outflows that can quench star formation. Comparison to a carefully matched sample of $\sim$44,000 control objects indicates that the Seyfert and control population have similar Na D detection rates ($\sim 5-6%$). Only 53 Seyferts (or 0.5% of the population) are found to potentially display galactic-scale winds, compared to 0.8% of the control galaxies. While nearly a t…
Recent observations of Seyfert galaxies indicate that low power, misaligned jets can undergo significant interaction with the gas in the galactic disc and may be able to drive large-scale, multiphase outflows. We apply our novel sub-grid model for Blandford-Znajek jets to simulations of the central regions of Seyferts, in which a black hole is embedded in a dense, sub-kpc circumnuclear disc (CND) and surrounded by a dilute circumgalactic medium (CGM). We find that the variability of the accretion flow is highly sensitive both to the jet power and to the CND thermodynamics and, ultimately, is d…
We present ALMA observations of the inner 1' (1.2 kpc) of the Circinus galaxy, the nearest Seyfert. We target CO (1-0) in the region associated with a well-known multiphase outflow driven by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). While the geometry of Circinus and its outflow make disentangling the latter difficult, we see indications of outflowing molecular gas at velocities consistent with the ionized outflow. We constrain the mass of the outflowing molecular gas to be 1.5e5 -5.1e6 solar masses, yielding a molecular outflow rate of 0.35-12.3 solar masses per year. The values within this …
Massive outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are widely recognised to play a key role in the evolution of galaxies, heating the ambient gas, expelling it from the nuclear regions, and thereby affecting the star formation histories of the galaxy bulges. It has been proposed that the powerful jets of relativistic particles launched by some AGN can both accelerate and heat the molecular gas, which often dominates the mass budgets of the outflows. However, clear evidence for this mechanism in the form of detailed associations between the molecular gas kinematics and features in the radi…
We use high-resolution (0.5 arcsec) CO(2-1) observations performed with ALMA to trace the kinematics of the molecular gas in the Seyfert 2 galaxy IC5063. A fast outflow of molecular gas extends along the entire radio jet, with the highest outflow velocities about 0.5kpc from the nucleus, at the location of the brighter hot-spot in the W lobe. The data show that a massive, fast outflow with velocities up to 650 km/s of cold molecular gas is present, in addition to one detected earlier in warm H2, HI and ionised gas. Both the central AGN and the radio jet could energetically drive the outflow. H…
We use Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) Integral Field Unit (IFU) observations of the inner 285$\times$400 pc$^2$ region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643 to map the [SIII]$\lambda9069$ emission-line flux distribution and kinematics, as well as the stellar kinematics, derived by fitting the CaII$λλλ$8498,8542,8662 triplet, at a spatial resolution of 45 pc. The stellar velocity field shows regular rotation, with a projected velocity of 100 km/s and kinematic major axis along Position Angle $PA=-36^\circ$. A ring of low stellar velocity dispersion values ($\sim$70 km/s), attributed to youn…
The Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469 possesses a prominent nuclear starburst ring and a luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN). Evidence of an outflow in the innermost nuclear region has been found in previous works. We detect the ionized gas outflow on a larger scale in the galaxy using the archival VLT/MUSE and {\em Chandra} observations. The optical emission lines are modeled using two Gaussian components, and a non-parametric approach is applied to measure the kinematics of [O III] and $\rm Hα$ emitting gas. Line ratio diagnostics and spatially resolved maps are derived to examine the origin of t…
Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) Galaxies are an important type of active galactic nucleus (AGN), generally expected to be accreting at high Eddington rate. The properties of their outflows and importance of AGN feedback remain intriguing. We report on the discovery of fast outflowing warm absorbers (WAs) in the NLS1 PG 1001+054, with velocities in the range of 7000 to 9000 kilometers per second. They are identified with blueshifted Lyman alpha, N v and Si iv lines in the high resolution ultraviolet (UV) spectra taken with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (H…
NGC 7469 is a well known Luminous IR Galaxy, with a circumnuclear star formation ring ($\sim 830$ pc radius) surrounding a Seyfert 1 AGN. Nuclear unresolved winds were previously detected in X-rays and UV, as well as an extended biconical outflow in IR coronal lines. We search for extended outflows by measuring the kinematics of the $\mathrm{Hβ}$ and [O III] $λ5007$ optical emission lines, in data of the VLT/MUSE integral field spectrograph. We find evidence of two outflow kinematic regimes: one slower regime extending across most of the star formation ring -- possibly driven by the massive st…
Large scale, weakly collimated outflows are very common in galaxies with large infrared luminosities. In complex systems in particular, where intense star formation (SF) coexists with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), it is not clear yet from observations whether the SF, the AGN, or both are driving these outflows. Accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are expected to influence their host galaxies through kinetic and radiative feedback processes, but in a Seyfert galaxy where the energy emitted in the nuclear region is comparable to that of the body of the galaxy, it is possible that stel…
We present two-dimensional maps of emission-line fluxes and kinematics, as well as of the stellar kinematics of the central few kpc of five bright nearby Seyfert galaxies -- Mrk\,6, Mrk\,79, Mrk\,348, Mrk\,607 and Mrk\,1058 -- obtained from observations with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) Integral Field Unit (IFU) on the Gemini North Telescope. The data cover the inner 3\farcs5$\times$5\farcs0 -- corresponding to physical scales in the range 0.6$\times$0.9 to 1.5$\times$2.2\,kpc$^2$ -- at a spatial resolution ranging from 110 to 280 pc with a spectral coverage of 4300 -- 7100\,Å a…
The origin of narrow line region (NLR) outflows remains unknown. In this paper, we explore the scenario in which these outflows are circumnuclear clouds driven by energetic accretion disk winds. We choose the well-studied nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 as an example. By performing 3D hydrodynamical simulations, we are able to reproduce the radial distributions of velocity, mass outflow rate and kinetic luminosity of NLR outflows in the inner 100 pc deduced from spatial resolved spectroscopic observations. The demanded kinetic luminosity of disk winds is about two orders of magnitude higher tha…
We present a two-dimensional mapping of stellar population age components, emission-line fluxes, gas excitation and kinematics within the inner $\sim200$ pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2110. We used the Gemini North Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) in the J and K bands at a spatial resolution of $\sim22$ pc. The unresolved nuclear continuum is originated in combined contributions of young stellar population (SP; age$\leq100$ Myr), a featureless AGN continuum and hot dust emission. The young-intermediate SP ($100<$age$\leq700$ Myr) is distributed in a ring-shaped structure at $\approx140$ pc …
We report the observation of an outflow perpendicular to the radio jet in near-infrared integral field spectra of the inner 250 pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5929. The observations were obtained with the Gemini Near infrared Integral Field Spectrograph at a spatial resolution of ~20 pc and spectral resolution R~5300 and reveal a region 50 pc wide crossing the nucleus and extending by 300 pc perpendicularly to the known radio jet in this galaxy. Along this structure - which we call SE-NW strip - the emission-line profiles show two velocity components, one blueshifted and the other redshifted b…
We present the first spatially resolved analysis of rest-frame optical and UV imaging and spectroscopy for a lensed galaxy at z = 2.39 hosting a Seyfert active galactic nucleus (AGN). Proximity to a natural guide star has enabled high signal-to-noise VLT SINFONI + adaptive optics observations of rest-frame optical diagnostic emission lines, which exhibit an underlying broad component with FWHM ~ 700 km/s in both the Balmer and forbidden lines. Measured line ratios place the outflow robustly in the region of the ionization diagnostic diagrams associated with AGN. This unique opportunity - combi…
We present a detailed study of the molecular gas in the fast AGN-driven outflow in the nearby radio-loud Seyfert galaxy IC 5063. Using ALMA observations of a number of tracers (12CO(1-0), 12CO(2-1), 12CO(3-2), 13CO(2-1) and HCO+(4-3)), we map the differences in excitation, density and temperature of the gas. The results show that in the immediate vicinity of the radio jet, a fast outflow, with velocities up to 800 km/s, is occurring of which the gas has high excitation temperatures in the range 30-55 K, demonstrating the direct impact of the jet on the ISM. The relative brightness of the CO li…
We explore the properties of ionized gas in the nuclear and circumnuclear environment of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 using spectroscopic and imaging observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Apache Point Observatory (APO)'s ARC 3.5m Telescope. We identify an unresolved moderate-density intermediate width component and a high-density broad component in the optical emission lines from the active nucleus, as well as spatially-resolved emission extending up to $\sim$1 kpc in the AGN ionized narrow-line region (NLR) and $\sim$8 kpc in the stellar ionized host galaxy. The …
We discuss results from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of two Seyfert galaxies with double peaked emission lines in their SDSS optical spectra. Such AGN are potential candidates for the presence of binary black holes, which can be resolved on parsec-scales with VLBI. Our observations do not detect twin radio cores but rather nuclear outflows in these Seyferts. These outflows could be interacting with the emission line clouds producing the double peaks in the emission lines.
AGN are a key ingredient for understanding galactic evolution. AGN-driven outflows are one of the manifestations of feedback. The AO mode for MUSE at the VLT permits to study the innermost tens of parsecs of nearby AGN in the optical. We present a detailed analysis of the ionised gas in the central regions of NGC 7130, an archetypical composite Seyfert and nuclear starburst galaxy. We achieve an angular resolution of 0.17$^{\prime\prime}$ (50 pc). We performed a multi-component analysis of the main ISM lines and identified nine kinematic components, six of which correspond to the outflow. The …
High-resolution (0.5 arcsec) CO(2-1) observations performed with the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array have been used to trace the kinematics of the molecular gas in the Seyfert 2 galaxy{IC~5063}. Although one of the most radio-loud Seyfert galaxy, IC~5063 is a relatively weak radio source (P_1.4GHz = 3 x 10^23 W Hz^-1). The data reveal that the kinematics of the gas is very complex. A fast outflow of molecular gas extends along the entire radio jet (~ 1 kpc), with the highest outflow velocities about 0.5 kpc from the nucleus, at the location of the brighter hot-spot in the W lobe. …
Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback is postulated as a key mechanism for regulating star formation within galaxies. Studying the physical properties of the outflowing gas from AGN is thus crucial for understanding the co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes. Here we report 55 pc resolution ALMA neutral atomic carbon [CI] $^3P_1\text{-}^3P_0$ observations toward the central 1 kpc of the nearby type-2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, supplemented by 55 pc resolution CO($J=1\text{-}0$) observations. We find that [CI] emission within the central kpc is strongly enhanced by a factor of $>$…
Ionized outflows, revealed by broad asymmetric wings of the [OIII] line, are commonly observed in AGN but the low intrinsic spatial resolution of observations has generally prevented a detailed characterization of their properties. The MAGNUM survey aims at overcoming these limitations by focusing on the nearest AGN, including NGC 1365, a nearby Seyfert galaxy (D~17 Mpc), hosting a low-luminosity AGN (Lbol ~ 2x10^43 erg/s). We want to obtain a detailed picture of the ionized gas in the central ~5 kpc of NGC 1365 in terms of physical properties, kinematics, and ionization mechanisms. We also ai…
We discuss the dense molecular gas in central regions of nearby Seyfert galaxies, and report new arcsec resolution observations of HCN(1-0) and HCO$^+$(1-0) for 3 objects. In NGC 3079 the lines show complex profiles as a result of self-absorption and saturated continuum absorption. H$^{13}$CN reveals the continuum absorption profile, with a peak close to the galaxy's systemic velocity that traces disk rotation, and a second feature with a blue wing extending to $-350$km s$^{-1}$ that most likely traces a nuclear outflow. The morphological and spectral properties of the emission lines allow us …
Stratification of the AGN-Driven multi-phase outflows in the dwarf Seyfert galaxy NGC 4395
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, IUCAA（天文学与天体物理学大学间中心）；Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心）；Departamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria（圣玛丽亚联邦大学）；Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC（基础物理研究所）；Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld（比勒费尔德大学物理系）；Assam Don Bosco University（阿萨姆唐博斯科大学）
We present optical integral field spectroscopy of the circum-nuclear gas of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1386. The data cover the central 7$^{\prime\prime} \times 9^{\prime\prime}$ (530 $\times$ 680 pc) at a spatial resolution of 0.9" (68 pc), and the spectral range 5700-7000 Å at a resolution of 66 km s$^{-1}$. The line emission is dominated by a bright central component, with two lobes extending $\approx$ 3$^{\prime\prime}$ north and south of the nucleus. We identify three main kinematic components. The first has low velocity dispersion ($\bar σ\approx $ 90 km s$^{-1}$), extends over the whole f…
We present the first results of the Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS), a project aimed at understanding the properties of the dusty molecular tori and their connection to the host galaxy in nearby Seyfert galaxies. Our project expands the range of AGN luminosities and Eddington ratios covered by previous surveys of Seyferts conducted by ALMA and allows us to study the gas feeding and feedback cycle in a combined sample of 19 Seyferts. We used ALMA to obtain new images of the emission of molecular gas and dust using the CO(3-2) and HCO+(4-3) lines as well as their underlying con…
AGN-driven outflows are believed to play an important role in regulating the growth of galaxies mostly via negative feedback. However, their effects on their hosts are far from clear, especially for low and moderate luminosity Seyferts. To investigate this issue, we have obtained cold molecular gas observations, traced by the CO(2-1) transition, using the NOEMA interferometer of five nearby (distances between 19 and 58 Mpc) Seyfert galaxies. The resolution of approx. 0.3-0.8 arcsec (approx. 30-100 pc) and field of view of NOEMA allowed us to study the CO(2-1) morphology and kinematics in the n…
We report on the coexistence of powerful gas outflows observed in millimeter and X-ray data of the Radio-Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy IRAS 17020+4544. Thanks to the large collecting power of the Large Millimeter Telescope, a prominent line arising from the 12CO(1-0) transition was revealed in recent observations of this source. The complex profile is composed by a narrow double-peak line and a broad wing. While the double-peak structure may be arising in a disk of molecular material, the broad wing is interpreted as the signature of a massive outflow of molecular gas with an approximate b…
The role of starburst winds versus active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets/winds in the formation of the kiloparsec scale radio emission seen in Seyferts is not yet well understood. In order to be able to disentangle the role of various components, we have observed a sample of Seyfert galaxies exhibiting kpc-scale radio emission suggesting outflows, along with a comparison sample of starburst galaxies, with the EVLA B-array in polarimetric mode at 1.4 GHz and 5~GHz. Polarization is clearly detected in three Seyfert galaxies and one starburst galaxy. The Seyfert galaxy NGC\,2639, shows highly polariz…
Results of observations with the Spitzer, Hubble, GALEX, Chandra, and XMM-Newton space telescopes are presented for the Luminous Infrared Galaxy (LIRG) merger Mrk 266. The SW (Seyfert 2) and NE (LINER) nuclei reside in galaxies with Hubble types SBb (pec) and S0/a (pec), respectively. Both galaxies have L > L*, and they are inferred to each contain a ~2.5x10^8 M_sun black hole. Mrk 266 SW is likely the primary source of a bright Fe K-alpha line detected from the system, consistent with the reflection-dominated X-ray spectrum of a heavily obscured AGN. Optical knots embedded in an arc with alig…
We present here the results from dual-frequency phase-referenced VLBI observations of the Seyfert galaxy KISSR1494, which exhibits double peaked emission lines in its SDSS spectrum. We detect a single radio component at 1.6 GHz, but not at 5 GHz implying a spectral index steeper than $-1.5\pm0.5$ ($S_ν\proptoν^α$). The high brightness temperature of the radio component ($\sim1.4\times10^7$ K) and the steep radio spectrum support a non-thermal synchrotron origin. A crude estimate of the black hole mass derived from the $M_{BH}-σ_{\star}$ relation is $\sim1.4\pm1.0\times10^8$ Msun; it is accreti…
As part of an extensive study of the physical properties of active galactic nuclei (AGN) we report high spatial resolution near-IR integral-field spectroscopy of the narrow-line region (NLR) and coronal-line region (CLR) of seven Seyfert galaxies. These measurements elucidate for the first time the two-dimensional spatial distribution and kinematics of the recombination line Brγ and high-ionization lines [Sivi], [Alix] and [Caviii] on scales <300 pc from the AGN. The observations reveal kinematic signatures of rotation and outflow in the NLR and CLR. The spatially resolved kinematics can be mo…
This paper presents Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 13 double-peaked [O III] emission-line type-2 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts 0.06 < z < 0.41 (with a median redshift of z~0.15) identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Such double-peaked emission-line objects may result from jets or outflows from the central engine or from a dual AGN. The VLBA provides an angular resolution of <~10 pc at the distance of many of these galaxies, sufficient to resolve the radio emission from extremely close dual AGNs and to contribute to understanding the origin of double-peaked […
We present a study of the intrinsic UV absorption and emission lines in an historically low-state spectrum of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548, which we obtained in 2004 February at high spatial and spectral resolution with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. We isolate a component of emission with a width of 680 km/s (FWHM) that arises from an "intermediate line region" (ILR), similar to the one we discovered in NGC 4151, at a distance of ~1 pc from the central continuum source. From a detailed analysis of the five intrinsic absorption components in NGC…
UltraFast Outflows (UFOs), seen as X-ray blueshifted absorption lines in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), are considered to be a key mechanism for AGN feedback. In this scenario, UFO kinetic energy is transferred into the cold and extended molecular outflow observed at the mm/sub-mm wavelength, which blows away the gas and suppresses star formation and accretion onto the central black hole (BH). However, the energy transfer between the inner UFO and the outer molecular outflow has not yet fully studied mainly due to the limited sample. In this paper, we performed comparison of their kinetic ener…
For the past decade, ionized outflows of a few 100 km/s from nearby Seyfert galaxies have been studied in great detail using high resolution X-ray absorption spectra. A recurring feature of these outflows is their broad ionization distribution including essentially ions (e.g., of Fe) from neutral to fully ionized. The absorption measure distribution (AMD) is defined as the distribution of column density with ionization parameter |d N_H/d (log xi)|. AMDs of Seyfert outflows can span up to five orders of magnitude in xi. We present the AMD of five outflows and show that they are all rather flat,…
X-ray and UV absorbing outflows are frequently seen in AGN and have been cited as a possible feedback mechanism. Whether or not they can provide adequate feedback depends on how massive they are and how much energy they carry, but it depends in a more fundamental way upon whether they escape the potential of the black hole. If the outflows have reached their asymptotic velocity when we observe them, then all of these properties critically depend on the radius of the outflow: a value which is difficult to measure. The tightest limit on the distance of an X-ray warm absorber from the ionizing so…
We present two-dimensional stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner 0.7 $\times$ 1.2 kpc$^{2}$ of the Seyfert galaxy ESO 362-G18, derived from optical spectra obtained with the GMOS/IFU on the Gemini South telescope at a spatial resolution of $\approx$170 pc and spectral resolution of 36 km s$^{-1}$. ESO 362-G18 is a strongly perturbed galaxy of morphological type Sa or S0/a, with a minor merger approaching along the NE direction. Previous studies have shown that the [OIII] emission shows a fan-shaped extension of $\approx$ 10\arcsec\ to the SE. We detect the [OIII] doublet, [NII] and H$α$ …
