Understanding the Origin of Radio Outflows in Seyfert Galaxies using Radio Polarimetry
Biny Sebastian, P. Kharb, C. P. O' Dea, J. F. Gallimore, S. A. Baum, E. J. M. Colbert
备注：
5 pages, 1 figure, Oral presentation, Proceedings of the IAU356: Nuclear Activity in Galaxies across Cosmic Time, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (7-11 October, 2019)
The role of starburst winds versus active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets/winds in the formation of the kiloparsec scale radio emission seen in Seyferts is not yet well understood. In order to be able to disentangle the role of various components, we have observed a sample of Seyfert galaxies exhibiting kpc-scale radio emission suggesting outflows, along with a comparison sample of starburst galaxies, with the EVLA B-array in polarimetric mode at 1.4 GHz and 5~GHz. Polarization is clearly detected in three Seyfert galaxies and one starburst galaxy. The Seyfert galaxy NGC\,2639, shows highly polarized secondary radio lobes, not observed before, which are aligned perpendicular to the known pair of radio lobes. The additional pair of lobes represent an older epoch of emission. A multi-epoch multi-frequency study of the starburst-Seyfert composite galaxy NGC\,3079, reveals that the jet together with the starburst superwind and the galactic magnetic fields might be responsible for the well-known 8-shaped radio lobes observed in this galaxy. We find that many of the Seyfert galaxies in our sample show bubble-shaped lobes, which are absent in the starburst galaxies that do not host an AGN.
The origin of narrow line region (NLR) outflows remains unknown. In this paper, we explore the scenario in which these outflows are circumnuclear clouds driven by energetic accretion disk winds. We choose the well-studied nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 as an example. By performing 3D hydrodynamical simulations, we are able to reproduce the radial distributions of velocity, mass outflow rate and kinetic luminosity of NLR outflows in the inner 100 pc deduced from spatial resolved spectroscopic observations. The demanded kinetic luminosity of disk winds is about two orders of magnitude higher tha…
XPE and VLT /FORS2 polarimetry challenge the Seyfert-1.9 classification of MCG-05-23-16
Université de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡天文台）；Università degli Studi Roma Tre（罗马三所大学）；Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège（列日大学天体物理学与地球物理学研究所）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；National Institutes of Natural Sciences（自然科学研究机构）；NASA Marshall Space Flight Center（美国宇航局马歇尔太空飞行中心）；Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院天文研究所）
Previous studies of the Na I D interstellar absorption line doublet have shown that galactic winds occur in most galaxies with high infrared luminosities. However, in infrared-bright composite systems where a starburst coexists with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), it is unclear whether the starburst, the AGN, or both are driving the outflows. The present paper describes the results from a search for outflows in 35 infrared-faint Seyferts with 10^9.9 < L_IR/L_sun < 10^11, or, equivalently, star formation rates (SFR) of ~0.4 -- 9 solar masses per year, to attempt to isolate the source of the o…
UltraFast Outflows (UFOs), seen as X-ray blueshifted absorption lines in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), are considered to be a key mechanism for AGN feedback. In this scenario, UFO kinetic energy is transferred into the cold and extended molecular outflow observed at the mm/sub-mm wavelength, which blows away the gas and suppresses star formation and accretion onto the central black hole (BH). However, the energy transfer between the inner UFO and the outer molecular outflow has not yet fully studied mainly due to the limited sample. In this paper, we performed comparison of their kinetic ener…
For the past decade, ionized outflows of a few 100 km/s from nearby Seyfert galaxies have been studied in great detail using high resolution X-ray absorption spectra. A recurring feature of these outflows is their broad ionization distribution including essentially ions (e.g., of Fe) from neutral to fully ionized. The absorption measure distribution (AMD) is defined as the distribution of column density with ionization parameter |d N_H/d (log xi)|. AMDs of Seyfert outflows can span up to five orders of magnitude in xi. We present the AMD of five outflows and show that they are all rather flat,…
X-ray and UV absorbing outflows are frequently seen in AGN and have been cited as a possible feedback mechanism. Whether or not they can provide adequate feedback depends on how massive they are and how much energy they carry, but it depends in a more fundamental way upon whether they escape the potential of the black hole. If the outflows have reached their asymptotic velocity when we observe them, then all of these properties critically depend on the radius of the outflow: a value which is difficult to measure. The tightest limit on the distance of an X-ray warm absorber from the ionizing so…
We present the analysis of grating spectra of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy IRAS 17020+4544 observed by XMM-Newton in 2004 and 2014. In a previous work on these data, we reported the discovery of a multi-component ultra-fast outflow that is capable of producing feedback in the host galaxy. We also reported the presence of a slow, multi-phase warm absorber. In this follow-up paper, we confirm that this low velocity absorber can be modeled by four layers of ionized gas. When crossing our line-of-sight, this gas presents peculiar changes along the 10-yr time scale elapsed between the two obser…
We present four radio-loud NLS1 galaxies with extreme emission-line shifts, indicating radial outflow velocities of the ionized gas of up to 2450 km/s, above the escape velocity of the host galaxies. The forbidden lines show strong broadening, up to 2270 km/s. An ionization stratification (higher line shift at higher ionization potential) implies that we see a large-scale outflow rather than single, localized jet-cloud interactions. Similarly, the paucity of zero-velocity [OIII]$λ$5007 emitting gas implies the absence of a second narrow-line region (NLR) component at rest, and therefore a larg…
Radio outflows of extents ranging from a few parsecs to a few kiloparsecs are present in Seyfert and LINER galaxies that make up the `radio-quiet' AGN class. AGN jets and/or starburst superwinds have been suggested to produce these outflows. We present a brief review of radio outflows in Seyfert and LINER galaxies on different spatial scales. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of several individual Seyferts and LINERs suggest a link between AGN jets on parsec-scales and their kiloparsec-scale radio structures (KSRs). The whole range of misalignment angles present between the…
We present a detailed analysis of XMM-Newton X-ray spectra of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 1044. We find robust evidence for a multi-phase, ultra-fast outflow, traced by four separate components in the grating spectrum. One component has high column density and ionization state, and is outflowing at 0.15c. The other three wind components have lower temperature, lower column density, and have outflow velocities 0.08c. This wind structure is strikingly similar to that found in IRAS 17020+4544, suggesting that stratified winds may be a common feature of ultra-fast outflows. Such structure…
We report the initial result of an adaptive-optics assisted, optical integral-field-unit observation on IRAS04576+0912, the nearest (z=0.039) active galactic nucleus with a prominent blueshift/tail in [O III] emission from a sample of such objects that we have collected from the literature. We aim at addressing the putative quasar-mode feedback process with Subaru/Kyoto 3D II+AO188. The optical waveband (6400--7500 AA) enables us to measure the gas density via the [S II] doublets, in contrast to earlier Near-IR studies. Since the fast [O III] outflow happens only around rapidly growing central…
The Seyfert Galaxy Mrk 335 is known for its frequent changes of flux and spectral shape in the X-ray band occurred during recent years. These variations may be explained by the onset of a wind that previous, non-contemporaneous high-resolution spectroscopy in X-ray and UV bands located at accretion disc scale. A simultaneous new campaign by XMM-Newton and HST caught the source at an historical low flux in the X-ray band. The soft X-ray spectrum is dominated by prominent emission features, and by the effect of a strong ionized absorber with an outflow velocity of 5-6X10$^3$~km~s$^{-1}$. The bro…
We present the first spatially resolved mass outflow rate measurements ($\dot M_{out}$) of the optical emission line gas in the narrow line region (NLR) of a Seyfert 2 galaxy, Markarian 573. Using long slit spectra and [O III] imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope and Apache Point Observatory in conjunction with emission line diagnostics and Cloudy photoionization models, we find a peak outflow rate of $\dot M_{out} \approx$ 3.4 $\pm$ 0.5 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ at a distance of 210 pc from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The outflow extends to distances of 600 pc from the nucleus …
We study the interstellar Na I $λλ5890, 5895$ (Na D) absorption-line doublet in a nearly-complete sample of $\sim$9900 nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies, in order to quantify the significance of optical AGN activity in driving kpc-scale outflows that can quench star formation. Comparison to a carefully matched sample of $\sim$44,000 control objects indicates that the Seyfert and control population have similar Na D detection rates ($\sim 5-6%$). Only 53 Seyferts (or 0.5% of the population) are found to potentially display galactic-scale winds, compared to 0.8% of the control galaxies. While nearly a t…
Winds outflowing from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) may carry significant amount of mass and energy out to their host galaxies. In this paper we report the detection of a sub-relativistic outflow observed in the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy IRAS17020+4544 as a series of absorption lines corresponding to at least 5 absorption components with an unprecedented wide range of associated column densities and ionization levels and velocities in the range of 23,000-33,000 km/s, detected at X-ray high spectral resolution (E/Delta E ~1000) with the ESA's observatory XMM-Newton. The charge states of the …
We present a study of outflow and feedback in the well-known Seyfert 2 galaxy Markarian 573 using high angular resolution long-slit spectrophotometry obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). Through analysis of the kinematics and ionization state of a biconical outflow region emanating from the nucleus, we find that the outflow does not significantly accelerate the surrounding host-galaxy interstellar gas and is too weak to be a strong ionization mechanism in the extended emission regions. Instead, the excitation of the extended regions is consistent with photoioni…
We present both phenomenological and more physical photoionization models of the Chandra HETG spectra of the Seyfert-1 AGN NGC 4051. We detect 40 absorption and emission lines, encompassing highly ionized charge states from O, Ne, Mg, Si, S and the Fe L-shell and K-shell. Two independent photoionization packages, XSTAR and Cloudy, were both used to self-consistently model the continuum and line spectra. These fits detected three absorbing regions in this system with densities ranging from 10^{10} to 10^{11} cm^{-3}. In particular, our XSTAR models require three components that have ionization …
Recent observations of Seyfert galaxies indicate that low power, misaligned jets can undergo significant interaction with the gas in the galactic disc and may be able to drive large-scale, multiphase outflows. We apply our novel sub-grid model for Blandford-Znajek jets to simulations of the central regions of Seyferts, in which a black hole is embedded in a dense, sub-kpc circumnuclear disc (CND) and surrounded by a dilute circumgalactic medium (CGM). We find that the variability of the accretion flow is highly sensitive both to the jet power and to the CND thermodynamics and, ultimately, is d…
We report on strong X-ray variability and the Fe K band spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy IRAS 18325-5926 obtained from the 2001 XMM-Newton EPIC pn observation of a 120 ks duration. While the X-ray source is highly variable, the 8-10 keV band shows larger variability than that of the lower energies. Amplified 8-10 keV flux variations are associated with two prominent flares of the X-ray source during the observation. The Fe K emission is peaked at 6.6 keV with moderate broadening. It is likely to originate from a highly ionized disc with the ionization parameter of log xi ~3. The Fe K line flux r…
We present ALMA observations of the inner 1' (1.2 kpc) of the Circinus galaxy, the nearest Seyfert. We target CO (1-0) in the region associated with a well-known multiphase outflow driven by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). While the geometry of Circinus and its outflow make disentangling the latter difficult, we see indications of outflowing molecular gas at velocities consistent with the ionized outflow. We constrain the mass of the outflowing molecular gas to be 1.5e5 -5.1e6 solar masses, yielding a molecular outflow rate of 0.35-12.3 solar masses per year. The values within this …
Massive outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are widely recognised to play a key role in the evolution of galaxies, heating the ambient gas, expelling it from the nuclear regions, and thereby affecting the star formation histories of the galaxy bulges. It has been proposed that the powerful jets of relativistic particles launched by some AGN can both accelerate and heat the molecular gas, which often dominates the mass budgets of the outflows. However, clear evidence for this mechanism in the form of detailed associations between the molecular gas kinematics and features in the radi…
We use high-resolution (0.5 arcsec) CO(2-1) observations performed with ALMA to trace the kinematics of the molecular gas in the Seyfert 2 galaxy IC5063. A fast outflow of molecular gas extends along the entire radio jet, with the highest outflow velocities about 0.5kpc from the nucleus, at the location of the brighter hot-spot in the W lobe. The data show that a massive, fast outflow with velocities up to 650 km/s of cold molecular gas is present, in addition to one detected earlier in warm H2, HI and ionised gas. Both the central AGN and the radio jet could energetically drive the outflow. H…
I Zwicky 1 is the prototype optical narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy. It is also a nearby ($z=0.0611$), luminous QSO, accreting close to the Eddington limit. XMM-Newton observations of I Zw 1 in 2015 reveal the presence of a broad and blueshifted P-Cygni iron K profile, as observed through a blue-shifted absorption trough at 9 keV and a broad excess of emission at 7 keV in the X-ray spectra. The profile can be well fitted with a wide angle accretion disk wind, with an outflow velocity of at least $-0.25c$. In this respect, I Zw 1 may be an analogous to the prototype fast wind detected in the QSO, …
We use Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) Integral Field Unit (IFU) observations of the inner 285$\times$400 pc$^2$ region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643 to map the [SIII]$\lambda9069$ emission-line flux distribution and kinematics, as well as the stellar kinematics, derived by fitting the CaII$λλλ$8498,8542,8662 triplet, at a spatial resolution of 45 pc. The stellar velocity field shows regular rotation, with a projected velocity of 100 km/s and kinematic major axis along Position Angle $PA=-36^\circ$. A ring of low stellar velocity dispersion values ($\sim$70 km/s), attributed to youn…
The Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469 possesses a prominent nuclear starburst ring and a luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN). Evidence of an outflow in the innermost nuclear region has been found in previous works. We detect the ionized gas outflow on a larger scale in the galaxy using the archival VLT/MUSE and {\em Chandra} observations. The optical emission lines are modeled using two Gaussian components, and a non-parametric approach is applied to measure the kinematics of [O III] and $\rm Hα$ emitting gas. Line ratio diagnostics and spatially resolved maps are derived to examine the origin of t…
Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) Galaxies are an important type of active galactic nucleus (AGN), generally expected to be accreting at high Eddington rate. The properties of their outflows and importance of AGN feedback remain intriguing. We report on the discovery of fast outflowing warm absorbers (WAs) in the NLS1 PG 1001+054, with velocities in the range of 7000 to 9000 kilometers per second. They are identified with blueshifted Lyman alpha, N v and Si iv lines in the high resolution ultraviolet (UV) spectra taken with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (H…
NGC 7469 is a well known Luminous IR Galaxy, with a circumnuclear star formation ring ($\sim 830$ pc radius) surrounding a Seyfert 1 AGN. Nuclear unresolved winds were previously detected in X-rays and UV, as well as an extended biconical outflow in IR coronal lines. We search for extended outflows by measuring the kinematics of the $\mathrm{Hβ}$ and [O III] $λ5007$ optical emission lines, in data of the VLT/MUSE integral field spectrograph. We find evidence of two outflow kinematic regimes: one slower regime extending across most of the star formation ring -- possibly driven by the massive st…
We present a near-infrared $H$ band polarimetric study toward the S235 e2s3 protostar, obtained using the POLICAN instrument on the 2.1m OAGH telescope. The images reveal a bipolar outflow with a total length of about 0.5pc. The outflow nebulosity presents a high degree of linear polarization ($\sim80\%$) and reveals a centrosymmetric pattern with the polarization position angles. The polarization characteristics suggest their origin to be single scattering associated with dust in the outflow. Using multiwavelength archival data, we performed spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting based on…
Large scale, weakly collimated outflows are very common in galaxies with large infrared luminosities. In complex systems in particular, where intense star formation (SF) coexists with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), it is not clear yet from observations whether the SF, the AGN, or both are driving these outflows. Accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are expected to influence their host galaxies through kinetic and radiative feedback processes, but in a Seyfert galaxy where the energy emitted in the nuclear region is comparable to that of the body of the galaxy, it is possible that stel…
As part of an extensive study of the physical properties of active galactic nuclei (AGN) we report high spatial resolution near-IR integral-field spectroscopy of the narrow-line region (NLR) and coronal-line region (CLR) of seven Seyfert galaxies. These measurements elucidate for the first time the two-dimensional spatial distribution and kinematics of the recombination line Brγ and high-ionization lines [Sivi], [Alix] and [Caviii] on scales <300 pc from the AGN. The observations reveal kinematic signatures of rotation and outflow in the NLR and CLR. The spatially resolved kinematics can be mo…
We present two-dimensional maps of emission-line fluxes and kinematics, as well as of the stellar kinematics of the central few kpc of five bright nearby Seyfert galaxies -- Mrk\,6, Mrk\,79, Mrk\,348, Mrk\,607 and Mrk\,1058 -- obtained from observations with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) Integral Field Unit (IFU) on the Gemini North Telescope. The data cover the inner 3\farcs5$\times$5\farcs0 -- corresponding to physical scales in the range 0.6$\times$0.9 to 1.5$\times$2.2\,kpc$^2$ -- at a spatial resolution ranging from 110 to 280 pc with a spectral coverage of 4300 -- 7100\,Å a…
We present a two-dimensional mapping of stellar population age components, emission-line fluxes, gas excitation and kinematics within the inner $\sim200$ pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2110. We used the Gemini North Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) in the J and K bands at a spatial resolution of $\sim22$ pc. The unresolved nuclear continuum is originated in combined contributions of young stellar population (SP; age$\leq100$ Myr), a featureless AGN continuum and hot dust emission. The young-intermediate SP ($100<$age$\leq700$ Myr) is distributed in a ring-shaped structure at $\approx140$ pc …
We report the observation of an outflow perpendicular to the radio jet in near-infrared integral field spectra of the inner 250 pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5929. The observations were obtained with the Gemini Near infrared Integral Field Spectrograph at a spatial resolution of ~20 pc and spectral resolution R~5300 and reveal a region 50 pc wide crossing the nucleus and extending by 300 pc perpendicularly to the known radio jet in this galaxy. Along this structure - which we call SE-NW strip - the emission-line profiles show two velocity components, one blueshifted and the other redshifted b…
We present the first spatially resolved analysis of rest-frame optical and UV imaging and spectroscopy for a lensed galaxy at z = 2.39 hosting a Seyfert active galactic nucleus (AGN). Proximity to a natural guide star has enabled high signal-to-noise VLT SINFONI + adaptive optics observations of rest-frame optical diagnostic emission lines, which exhibit an underlying broad component with FWHM ~ 700 km/s in both the Balmer and forbidden lines. Measured line ratios place the outflow robustly in the region of the ionization diagnostic diagrams associated with AGN. This unique opportunity - combi…
The dominant radio emission mechanism in radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) is an open question. Primary contenders include: low-power radio jets, winds, star-formation and coronal emission. Our work suggests that radio polarization and emission-line studies can help to distinguish between these scenarios and determine the primary contributor. Our multi-frequency, multi-scale radio polarization study has revealed a composite jet and "wind" radio outflow in the radio-intermediate quasar, III Zw 2, as well as in the BALQSO, Mrk 231. Our radio polarization study in conjunction with the [O III] emission-l…
We present a detailed study of the molecular gas in the fast AGN-driven outflow in the nearby radio-loud Seyfert galaxy IC 5063. Using ALMA observations of a number of tracers (12CO(1-0), 12CO(2-1), 12CO(3-2), 13CO(2-1) and HCO+(4-3)), we map the differences in excitation, density and temperature of the gas. The results show that in the immediate vicinity of the radio jet, a fast outflow, with velocities up to 800 km/s, is occurring of which the gas has high excitation temperatures in the range 30-55 K, demonstrating the direct impact of the jet on the ISM. The relative brightness of the CO li…
This paper is a sequel to the extensive study of warm absorber (WA) in X-rays carried out using high resolution grating spectral data from XMM-Newton satellite (WAX-I). Here we discuss the global dynamical properties as well as the energetics of the WA components detected in the WAX sample. The slope of WA density profile ($n\propto r^{-α}$) estimated from the linear regression slope of ionization parameter $ξ$ and column density $N_H$ in the WAX sample is $α=1.236\pm 0.034$. We find that the WA clouds possibly originate as a result of photo-ionised evaporation from the inner edge of the torus…
We explore the properties of ionized gas in the nuclear and circumnuclear environment of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051 using spectroscopic and imaging observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Apache Point Observatory (APO)'s ARC 3.5m Telescope. We identify an unresolved moderate-density intermediate width component and a high-density broad component in the optical emission lines from the active nucleus, as well as spatially-resolved emission extending up to $\sim$1 kpc in the AGN ionized narrow-line region (NLR) and $\sim$8 kpc in the stellar ionized host galaxy. The …
We discuss results from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of two Seyfert galaxies with double peaked emission lines in their SDSS optical spectra. Such AGN are potential candidates for the presence of binary black holes, which can be resolved on parsec-scales with VLBI. Our observations do not detect twin radio cores but rather nuclear outflows in these Seyferts. These outflows could be interacting with the emission line clouds producing the double peaks in the emission lines.
AGN are a key ingredient for understanding galactic evolution. AGN-driven outflows are one of the manifestations of feedback. The AO mode for MUSE at the VLT permits to study the innermost tens of parsecs of nearby AGN in the optical. We present a detailed analysis of the ionised gas in the central regions of NGC 7130, an archetypical composite Seyfert and nuclear starburst galaxy. We achieve an angular resolution of 0.17$^{\prime\prime}$ (50 pc). We performed a multi-component analysis of the main ISM lines and identified nine kinematic components, six of which correspond to the outflow. The …
Outflows of ionized gas driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) may significantly impact the evolution of their host galaxies. However, determining the energetics of these outflows is difficult with spatially unresolved observations that are subject to strong global selection effects. We present part of an ongoing study using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Apache Point Observatory (APO) spectroscopy and imaging to derive spatially-resolved mass outflow rates and energetics for narrow line region (NLR) outflows in nearby AGN that are based on multi-component photoionization models to account f…
We present analysis of the UV-spectrum of the low-z AGN IRAS-F22456-5125 obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The spectrum reveals six main kinematic components, spanning a range of velocities of up to 800 km s-1, which for the first time are observed in troughs associated with CII, CIV, NV, SiII, SiIII, SiIV and SIV. We also obtain data on the OVI troughs, which we compare to those available from an earlier FUSE epoch. Column densities measured from these ions allow us to derive a well-constrained photoionization solution for each outflow componen…
High-resolution (0.5 arcsec) CO(2-1) observations performed with the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array have been used to trace the kinematics of the molecular gas in the Seyfert 2 galaxy{IC~5063}. Although one of the most radio-loud Seyfert galaxy, IC~5063 is a relatively weak radio source (P_1.4GHz = 3 x 10^23 W Hz^-1). The data reveal that the kinematics of the gas is very complex. A fast outflow of molecular gas extends along the entire radio jet (~ 1 kpc), with the highest outflow velocities about 0.5 kpc from the nucleus, at the location of the brighter hot-spot in the W lobe. …
Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback is postulated as a key mechanism for regulating star formation within galaxies. Studying the physical properties of the outflowing gas from AGN is thus crucial for understanding the co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes. Here we report 55 pc resolution ALMA neutral atomic carbon [CI] $^3P_1\text{-}^3P_0$ observations toward the central 1 kpc of the nearby type-2 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, supplemented by 55 pc resolution CO($J=1\text{-}0$) observations. We find that [CI] emission within the central kpc is strongly enhanced by a factor of $>$…
Ionized outflows, revealed by broad asymmetric wings of the [OIII] line, are commonly observed in AGN but the low intrinsic spatial resolution of observations has generally prevented a detailed characterization of their properties. The MAGNUM survey aims at overcoming these limitations by focusing on the nearest AGN, including NGC 1365, a nearby Seyfert galaxy (D~17 Mpc), hosting a low-luminosity AGN (Lbol ~ 2x10^43 erg/s). We want to obtain a detailed picture of the ionized gas in the central ~5 kpc of NGC 1365 in terms of physical properties, kinematics, and ionization mechanisms. We also ai…
We discuss the dense molecular gas in central regions of nearby Seyfert galaxies, and report new arcsec resolution observations of HCN(1-0) and HCO$^+$(1-0) for 3 objects. In NGC 3079 the lines show complex profiles as a result of self-absorption and saturated continuum absorption. H$^{13}$CN reveals the continuum absorption profile, with a peak close to the galaxy's systemic velocity that traces disk rotation, and a second feature with a blue wing extending to $-350$km s$^{-1}$ that most likely traces a nuclear outflow. The morphological and spectral properties of the emission lines allow us …
Stratification of the AGN-Driven multi-phase outflows in the dwarf Seyfert galaxy NGC 4395
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, IUCAA（天文学与天体物理学大学间中心）；Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心）；Departamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria（圣玛丽亚联邦大学）；Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC（基础物理研究所）；Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld（比勒费尔德大学物理系）；Assam Don Bosco University（阿萨姆唐博斯科大学）
The shape of the ambient circumnuclear medium (ACM) density profile can probe the history of accretion onto the central supermassive black hole in galaxies and the circumnuclear environment. However, due to the limitation of the instrument resolution, the density profiles of the ACM for most of galaxies remain largely unknown. In this work, we propose a novel method to measure the ACM density profile of active galactic nucleus (AGN) by the equilibrium between the radiation pressure on the warm absorbers (WAs, a type of AGN outflows) and the drag pressure from the ACM. We study the correlation …
We present optical integral field spectroscopy of the circum-nuclear gas of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1386. The data cover the central 7$^{\prime\prime} \times 9^{\prime\prime}$ (530 $\times$ 680 pc) at a spatial resolution of 0.9" (68 pc), and the spectral range 5700-7000 Å at a resolution of 66 km s$^{-1}$. The line emission is dominated by a bright central component, with two lobes extending $\approx$ 3$^{\prime\prime}$ north and south of the nucleus. We identify three main kinematic components. The first has low velocity dispersion ($\bar σ\approx $ 90 km s$^{-1}$), extends over the whole f…
We present a detailed study of 11 narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) from the Six-degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) that both have optical and X-ray spectroscopic observations. There are five complex NLS1s (C-NLS1s) and six simple NLS1s (S-NLS1s). We propose a possible correlation between [O III] line asymmetry and X-ray complexity. The outflow or wind from the inner accretion disk is commonly present in NLS1s and mostly directed along the system axis. In C-NLS1s only weak wind effects are measured, the X-ray spectral complexity might be caused by the presence of ionized material in the w…
We present the first results of the Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS), a project aimed at understanding the properties of the dusty molecular tori and their connection to the host galaxy in nearby Seyfert galaxies. Our project expands the range of AGN luminosities and Eddington ratios covered by previous surveys of Seyferts conducted by ALMA and allows us to study the gas feeding and feedback cycle in a combined sample of 19 Seyferts. We used ALMA to obtain new images of the emission of molecular gas and dust using the CO(3-2) and HCO+(4-3) lines as well as their underlying con…
