In this paper we construct a connection on the trivial G-bundle on the projective line for any simple complex algebraic group G, which is regular outside of the points 0 and infinity, has a regular singularity at the point 0, with principal unipotent monodromy, and has an irregular singularity at the point infinity, with slope 1/h, the reciprocal of the Coxeter number of G. This connection, which admits the structure of an oper in the sense of Beilinson and Drinfeld, appears to be the characteristic 0 counterpart of a hypothetical family of l-adic representations, which should parametrize a specific automorphic representation under the global Langlands correspondence. These l-adic representations, and their characteristic 0 counterparts, have been constructed in some cases by Deligne and Katz. Our connection is constructed uniformly for any simple algebraic group, and characterized using the formalism of opers. It provides an example of the geometric Langlands correspondence with wild ramification. We compute the de Rham cohomology of our connection with values in representations of G, and describe its differential Galois group as a subgroup of G.
Certain rigid irregular $G_2$-connections constructed by the first-named author are related via pullbacks along a finite covering and Fourier transform to rigid local systems on a punctured projective line. This kind of property was first observed by Katz for hypergeometric connections and used by Sabbah and Yu to compute irregular Hodge filtrations for hypergeometric connections. This strategy can also be applied to the aforementioned $G_2$-connections and we compute jumping indices and dimensions for their irregular Hodge filtrations.
N.Katz's middle convolution algorithm provides a description of rigid connections on the projective line with regular singularities. We extend the algorithm by adding the Fourier transform to it. The extended algorithm provides a description of rigid connections with arbitrary singularities.
The aim of this paper is to describe the irregular locus of the commuting variety of a reductive symmetric Lie algebra. More precisely, we want to enlighten a remark of Popov. In [Po], the irregular locus of the commuting variety of any reductive Lie algebra is described and its codimension is computed. This provides a bound for the codimension of the singular locus of this commuting variety. [Po, Remark 1.13] suggests that the arguments and methods of [Po] are suitable for obtaining analogous results in the symmetric setting. We show that some difficulties arise in this case and we obtain som…
Using the Katz-Arinkin algorithm we give a classification of irreducible rigid irregular connections on a punctured $\mathbb{P}^1_{\mathbb{C}}$ having differential Galois group $G_2$, the exceptional simple algebraic group, and slopes having numerator 1. In addition to hypergeometric systems and their Kummer pull-backs we construct families of $G_2$-connections which are not of these types.
We construct examples of smooth proper rigid-analytic varieties admitting formal model with projective special fiber and violating Hodge symmetry for cohomology in degrees $\geq 3$. This answers negatively a question raised by Hansen and Li.
In this paper, we study smooth proper rigid varieties which admit formal models whose special fibers are projective. The main theorem asserts that the identity components of the associated rigid Picard varieties will automatically be proper. Consequently, we prove that p-adic Hopf varieties will never have a projective reduction. The proof of our main theorem uses the theory of moduli of semistable coherent sheaves.
We give an algebraic construction of the moduli space of irregular singular connections of generic ramified type on a smooth projective curve. We prove that the moduli space is smooth and give its dimension. Under the assumption that the exponent of ramified type is generic, we give an algebraic symplectic form on the moduli space.
We show a coincidence of index of rigidity of differential equations with irregular singularities on a compact Riemann surface and Euler characteristic of the associated spectral curves which are recently called irregular spectral curves. Also we present a comparison of local invariants, so called Milnor formula which links the Komatsu-Malgrange irregularity of differential equations and Milnor number of the spectral curves.
In this paper we construct a coarse moduli scheme of stable unramified irregular singular parabolic connections on a smooth projective curve and prove that the constructed moduli space is smooth and has a symplectic structure. Moreover we will construct the moduli space of generalized monodromy data coming from topological monodromies, formal monodromies, links and Stokes data associated to the generic irregular connections. We will prove that for a generic choice of generalized local exponents, the generalized Riemann-Hilbert correspondence from the moduli space of the connections to the modu…
This paper continues our researches \cite{DS1, DS2, DS3} by computing some invariants based on Hilbert-Poincaré series associated to Milnor algebras. Our computations are for some of the classical surfaces and 3-folds with different configurations of isolated singularities. As a by-product of a recent result of E. Sernesi, we give examples of classical hypersurfaces which are (or are not) projectively rigid. We also include a Singular program to compute the invariants and to decide if a singular projective hypersurface is nodal and projectively rigid.
In this note we give a detailed proof of a result (sketched by Torsten Ekedahl in a discussion with the first author several years ago), describing complex tori admitting a rigid group action and showing explicitly their projectivity and their structure in terms of CM-fields. In the appendix, joint with Benoit Claudon, we show, using a method of Green-Voisin, that all group actions on complex tori deform to projective ones.
Let X be a smooth complex projective variety with basepoint x. We prove that every rigid integral irreducible representation $π_1(X,x)\to SL (3,{\mathbb C})$ is of geometric origin, i.e., it comes from some family of smooth projective varieties. This partially generalizes an earlier result by K. Corlette and the second author in the rank 2 case and answers one of their questions.
Given a surface $S$ and a finite group $G$ of automorphisms of $S$, consider the birational maps $S\dashrightarrow S'$ that commute with the action of $G$. This leads to the notion of a $G$-minimal variety. A natural question arises: for a fixed group $G$, is there a birational $G$-map between two different $G$-minimal surfaces? If no such map exists, the surface is said to be $G$-birationally rigid. This paper determines the $G$-rigidity of the projective plane for every finite subgroup $G\subset\mbox{PGL}_3\left(\mathbb{C}\right)$.
We apply the theory of fundamental strata of Bremer and Sage to find cohomologically rigid $G$-connections on the projective line, generalising the work of Frenkel and Gross. In this theory, one studies the leading term of a formal connection with respect to the Moy-Prasad filtration associated to a point in the Bruhat-Tits building. If the leading term is regular semisimple with centraliser a (not necessarily split) maximal torus $S$, then we have an $S$-toral connection. In this language, the irregular singularity of the Frenkel-Gross connection gives rise to the homogenous toral connection …
We prove that any smooth complex projective variety with generic vanishing index bigger or equal than 2 has birational bicanonical map. Therefore, if X is a smooth complex projective variety X with maximal Albanese dimension and non-birational bicanonical map, then the Albanese image of X is fibered by subvarieties of codimension at most 1 of an abelian subvariety of Alb X.
In this paper we prove birational superrigidity of finite covers of degree $d$ of the $M$-dimensional projective space of index 1, where $d\geqslant 5$ and $M\geqslant 10$, with at most quadratic singularities of rank $\geqslant 7$, satisfying certain regularity conditions. Up to now, only cyclic covers were studied in this respect. The set of varieties with worse singularities or not satisfying the regularity conditions is of codimension $\geqslant\frac12(M-4)(M-5)+1$ in the natural parameter space of the family.
We prove that for a smooth projective irregular $3$-fold $X$ with $K_X\equiv 0$ and a nef and big divisor $L$ on $X$, $|mL+P|$ gives a birational map for all $m\geq 3$ and all $P\in \text{Pic}^0(X)$. We also use the same method to deal with $4$-folds, and prove that for a smooth projective irregular $4$-fold $X$ with $K_X\equiv 0$ and an ample divisor $L$ on $X$, $|mL+P|$ gives a birational map for all $m\geq 5$ and all $P\in \text{Pic}^0(X)$. These results are also optimal.
We prove a new inequality for the Hodge number h^1,1 of irregular complex smooth projective surfaces of general type without irregular pencils of genus >1. More specifically we show that if the irregularity q satisfies q=2^k+1 then h^1,1>4q-4.
For each $n\geq 3$ we give examples of infinitesimally rigid projective manifolds of general type of dimension $n$ with non-contractible universal cover. We provide examples with projective and examples with non-projective universal cover.
Let $X$ be a complex smooth projective threefold of general type. Assume $q(X)>0$. We show that the $m$-canonical map of $X$ is birational for all $m\geq 5$.
We introduce a "limiting Frobenius structure" attached to any degeneration of projective varieties over a finite field of characteristic p which satisfies a p-adic lifting assumption. Our limiting Frobenius structure is shown to be effectively computable in an appropriate sense for a degeneration of projective hypersurfaces. We conjecture that the limiting Frobenius structure relates to the rigid cohomology of a semistable limit of the degeneration through an analogue of the Clemens-Schmidt exact sequence. Our construction is illustrated, and conjecture supported, by a selection of explicit ex…
For any even natural number $r \ge 2$, we construct an irreducible rigid non-cohomologically rigid complex local system of rank $r$ on a smooth projective variety depending on $r$. For $r=2$, we construct an irreducible rigid non-cohomogically rigid local system of rank $2$ on a quasi-projective variety which becomes cohomologically rigid after fixing the conjugacy classes of the monodromies at infinity. v2: We added a remark due to Alexander Petrov: by taking the exterior product of our examples with a (cohomologically) rigid local system with infinite monodromy, we obtain examples of rigid n…
This paper studies global webs on the projective plane with vanishing curvature. The study is based on an interplay of local and global arguments. The main local ingredient is a criterium for the regularity of the curvature at the neighborhood of a generic point of the discriminant. The main global ingredient, the Legendre transform, is an avatar of classical projective duality in the realm of differential equations. We show that the Legendre transform of what we call reduced convex foliations are webs with zero curvature, and we exhibit a countable infinity family of convex foliations which g…
In the geometric version of the Langlands correspondence, irregular singular point connections play the role of Galois representations with wild ramification. In this paper, we develop a geometric theory of fundamental strata to study irregular singular connections on the projective line. Fundamental strata were originally used to classify cuspidal representations of the general linear group over a local field. In the geometric setting, fundamental strata play the role of the leading term of a connection. We introduce the concept of a regular stratum, which allows us to generalize the conditio…
We introduce a category of possibly irregular holonomic D-modules which can be endowed in a canonical way with an irregular Hodge filtration. Mixed Hodge modules with their Hodge filtration naturally belong to this category, as well as their twist by $\expφ$ for any meromorphic function $φ$. This category is stable by various standard functors, which produce many more filtered objects. The irregular Hodge filtration satisfies the $E_1$-degeneration property by a projective morphism. This generalizes some results proved by Esnault-Sabbah-Yu arxiv:1302.4537 and Sabbah-Yu arxiv:1406.1339. We also…
Let $M$ be a complex $n$-dimensional projective manifold in $\mathbb{P}^{n+r}$ endowed with the Fubini-Study metric of constant holomorphic sectional curvature $1$, $σ$ its second fundamental form, and $\underline{|σ|}^2$ the mean value of the squared length of $σ$ on $M$. We derive a formula for $\underline{|σ|}^2$ and classify them when $\underline{|σ|}^2\leq2n$. We present several applications to these results. The first application is to confirm a conjecture of Loi and Zedda, which characterizes the linear subspace and the quadric in terms of the $L^2$-norm of $σ$. The second application i…
The Deligne--Simpson problem is an existence problem for connections with specified local behavior. Almost all previous work on this problem has restricted attention to connections with regular or unramified singularities. Recently, the authors, together with Kulkarni and Matherne, formulated a version of the Deligne--Simpson problem where certain ramified singular points are allowed and solved it for the case of Coxeter connections, i.e., connections on the Riemann sphere with a maximally ramified singularity at zero and (possibly) an additional regular singular point at infinity. A certain m…
An irreducible integrable connection $(E,\nabla)$ on a smooth projective complex variety $X$ is called rigid if it gives rise to an isolated point of the corresponding moduli space $\mathcal{M}_{dR}(X)$. According to Simpson's motivicity conjecture, irreducible rigid flat connections are of geometric origin, that is, arise as subquotients of a Gauß-Manin connection of a family of smooth projective varieties defined on an open dense subvariety of $X$. In this article we study mod $p$ reductions of irreducible rigid connections and establish results which confirm Simpson's prediction. In particu…
Let $G$ be a reductive group, and let $X$ be a smooth quasi-projective complex variety. We prove that any $G$-irreducible, $G$-cohomologically rigid local system on $X$ with finite order abelianization and quasi-unipotent local monodromies is integral. This generalizes work of Esnault and Groechenig when $G= \mathrm{GL}_n$, and it answers positively a conjecture of Simpson for $G$-cohomologically rigid local systems. Along the way we show that the connected component of the Zariski-closure of the monodromy group of any such local system is semisimple.
We prove that the formal completion of a complex projective surface along a rigid smooth curve with trivial normal bundle determines the birational equivalence class of the surface.
For a projective variety X, a line bundle L on X and r a natural number we consider the r-th Brill-Noether locus W^r(L,X):={η\in Pic^0(X)|h^0(L+η)\geq r+1}: we describe its natural scheme structure and compute the Zariski tangent space. If X is a smooth surface of maximal Albanese dimension and C is a curve on X, we define a Brill-Noether number ρ(C, r) and we prove, under some mild additional assumptions, that if ρ(C, r) is non negative then W^r(C,X) is nonempty of dimension bigger or equal to ρ(C,r). As an application, we derive lower bounds for h^0(K_D) for a divisor D that moves linearly o…
We study a projective Calabi-Yau threefold which has been constructed in an earlier paper. It is rigid and has Picard number two. We construct a pair of divisors which give a basis of the Picard group and determine all intersection numbers of three divisors.
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a structure theorem for codimension one singular transversely projective foliationson projective manifolds. To reach our goal, we firstly extend Corlette-Simpson's classification of rank two representationsof fundamental groups of quasiprojective manifolds by dropping the hypothesis of quasi-unipotency at infinity.Secondly we establish an analogue classification for rank two flat meromorphic connections.In particular, we prove that a rank two flat meromorphic connection with irregular singularities having non trivial Stokesprojectively factors throu…
We study the rigid analytic geometry of cyclic coverings of the projective line. We determine the defining equation of a cyclic covering of degree $p$ of the projective line by a Mumford curve over a complete discrete valuation field of positive characteristic $p$. Previously, Bradley studied that of any degree over a non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero.
We prove the equisingular rigidity of the singular Hirzebruch-Kummer coverings $X(n, \mathcal{L})$ of the projective plane branched on line configurations $\mathcal{L}$, satisfying some technical condition. In the case, $\mathcal{L}$ = the complete quadrangle, we give explicit equations of the Hirzebruch-Kummer covering $S_n$ (=the minimal desingularisation of $X(n, \mathcal{L})$) in a product of four Fermat curves of degree n. Since $S_n$ is the $(\mathbb{Z}/n)^5$ covering of the Del Pezzo surface $Y_5$ of degree 5 branched on the 10 lines, these equations are derived from explicit equations …
We show that an irreducible ordinary differential equation on the projective line has a Frobenius structure for a power of some prime p if it is rigid in the sense of Katz and satisfies some other reasonable (and necessary) conditions relative to the prime p.
In this paper, we studied the map defined by a non-very ample line bundle on some special irregular varieties. As to this topic, it is well known that for a line bundle $L$ on an Abelian variety $A$, the linear system $|2L|$ is base point free, and 3L is very ample, moreover the map defined by the linear system $|2L|$ is well understood (cf. Theorem \ref{oldth}). First, we generalized this classical result to projective bundles over Abelian varieties (cf. Theorem \ref{key}). Then we studied the bicanonical map of an irregular primitive variety $X$ of general type with $dim(X) = q(X)$, in fact …
Let $ϕ: X \to \mathbb P^n$ be a double cover branched along a smooth hypersurface of degree $2m, 2 \leq m \leq n-1$. We study the varieties of minimal rational tangents $\mathcal C_x \subset \mathbb P T_x(X)$ at a general point $x$ of $X$. We describe the homogeneous ideal of $\mathcal C_x$ and show that the projective isomorphism type of $\mathcal C_x$ varies in a maximal way as $x$ varies over general points of $X$. Our description of the ideal of $\mathbb C_x$ implies a certain rigidity property of the covering morphism $ϕ$. As an application of this rigidity, we show that any finite morphi…
We introduce an unfolded moduli space of connections, which is an algebraic relative moduli space of connections on complex smooth projective curves, whose generic fiber is a moduli space of regular singular connections and whose special fiber is a moduli space of unramified irregular singular connections. On the moduli space of unramified irregular singular connections, there is a subbundle of the tangent bundle defining the generalized isomonodromic deformation produced by the Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno theory. On an analytic open subset of the unfolded moduli space of connections, we construct a non-c…
We provide explicit graded constructions of orbifold del Pezzo surfaces with rigid orbifold points of type $\left\{k_i\times\frac{1}{r_i}(1,a_i): 3\le r_i \le 10,k_i \in \ZZ_{\ge 0}\right\}$; as well-formed and quasismooth varieties embedded in some weighted projective space. In particular, we present a collection of 147 such surfaces such that their image under their anti-canonical embeddings can be described by using one of the following sets of equations: a single equation, two linearly independent equations, five maximal Pfaffians of $5\times 5$ skew symmetric matrix, and nine $2\times 2$ …
The multiview variety from computer vision is generalized to images by $n$ cameras of points linked by a distance constraint. The resulting five-dimensional variety lives in a product of $2n$ projective planes. We determine defining polynomial equations, and we explore generalizations of this variety to scenarios of interest in applications.
We provide two examples of smooth projective surfaces of tame CM type, by showing that any parameter space of isomorphism classes of indecomposable ACM bundles with fixed rank and determinant on a rational quartic scroll in projective 5-space is either a single point or a projective line. For surfaces of minimal degree and wild CM type, we classify rigid Ulrich bundles as Fibonacci extensions. For the rational normal scrolls S(2,3) and S(3,3), a complete classification of rigid ACM bundles is given in terms of the action of the braid group in three strands.
We consider the equivariant quantum differential equation for the projective space $P^{n-1}$. We prove an equivariant gamma theorem for $P^{n-1}$, which describes the asymptotics of the differential equation at its regular singular point in terms of the equivariant characteristic gamma class of the tangent bundle of $P^{n-1}$. We describe the Stokes bases of the differential equation at its irregular singular point in terms of the exceptional bases of the equivariant K-theory algebra of $P^{n-1}$ and a suitable braid group action on the set of exceptional bases. Our results are an equivariant …
