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arXiv 0812.5048cond-mat.mes-hall
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量子环中电子密度的缺陷钉扎:对称性约束和持续电流分布

Pinning of electron densities in quantum rings by defects: symmetry constraints and distribution of persistent currents

T. Chwiej, B. Szafran

摘要:

本文研究了对环形量子环势的弱微扰对少电子电荷密度的钉扎。我们发现,只有当经典的少电子最低能量位形的对称性与外势的对称性一致时,才允许弱缺陷的钉扎。我们指出,只要钉扎是允许的对称性,它的强度是一个振荡函数的外部磁场。在磁场的钉扎是最大的持续电流所产生的偶极矩的变化方向从反平行到平行的外部磁场在一个连续的方式。对于约束势的一个更高的对称性比一个经典的维格纳分子的钉扎是禁止的,并观察到一个不连续的突然反转的偶极矩。当单电子岛钉扎不存在或较弱时,电流分布类似于圆环。对于最大的钉扎,而不是电流回路围绕整个环运行,观察到多个电流涡旋围绕每个单电子密度岛循环的形成。我们研究了持续电流产生的磁场,发现在偶极矩反转时,电流在电子占据的区域内有屏蔽外场的趋势。因此,由最大钉扎电子系统中的电流产生的磁场映射了电荷分布。

英文摘要:

We study the pinning of few-electron charge densities by weak perturbations to circular quantum ring potentials. We find that the pinning by weak defects is only allowed when the symmetry of the classical few-electron lowest-energy configuration agrees with the symmetry of the external potential. We indicate that whenever the pinning is allowed by the symmetry, its strength is an oscillatory function of the external magnetic field. In the magnetic fields for which the pinning is maximal the dipole moment generated by the persistent currents changes orientation from antiparallel to parallel to the external field in a continuous manner. For confinement potentials of a higher symmetry than the one of a classical Wigner molecule the pinning is forbidden and a discontinuous abrupt inversion of the dipole moments is observed. When the pinning of single-electron islands is absent or weak the current distribution resembles the one of a circular ring. For the maximal pinning instead of current loops running around the entire ring one observes formation of multiple current vortices circulating around each single-electron density island. We study the magnetic field generated by persistent currents and find that at the dipole moment reversal the currents tend to screen the external field in the region occupied by electrons. In consequence the magnetic field generated by the currents in the maximally pinned electron systems maps the charge distribution.

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