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arXiv 0812.1569astro-ph
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双类星体:黑洞标度关系和合并方案的探索

Double quasars: probes of black hole scaling relationships and merger scenarios

Gary Foreman, Marta Volonteri, Massimo Dotti

摘要:

我们分析了现有的双类星体样品,并研究了它们的物理性质。我们的样本包括85对,选自斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)。我们推导出发动机和主机的物理参数,并模拟对的动态演化。首先,我们比较了大质量黑洞和它们的宿主之间的不同标度关系(膨胀质量,速度色散,以及它们可能的红移依赖关系),并讨论了它们的一致性。然后,我们计算的双类星体系统的动力学摩擦时标调查他们的频率和他们的协议与类星体触发的情况。将典型的合并时间尺度与预期的类星体寿命进行比较,双类星体的比例应该比观测到的大大约10倍。此外,我们发现,取决于黑洞和它们的宿主之间的相关性,双类星体的出现可能是红移相关的。我们的模型与SDSS类星体目录的比较表明,双类星体在高红移时应该更常见。我们比较了典型的分离,双类星体观察到合并模拟的预测。我们发现,物理分离的分布峰值在~30 kpc,在较大的分离(~100-200 kpc)的尾巴。相反,这些大的分离对与不等质量的合并一致,其中气体在第一次近心通道期间受到动态扰动,但气体仅在下一个远心处到达黑洞,在那里观察到对。

英文摘要:

We analyze the available sample of double quasars, and investigate their physical properties. Our sample comprises 85 pairs, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We derive physical parameters for the engine and the host, and model the dynamical evolution of the pair. First, we compare different scaling relationships between massive black holes and their hosts (bulge mass, velocity dispersion, and their possible redshift dependences), and discuss their consistency. We then compute dynamical friction timescales for the double quasar systems to investigate their frequency and their agreement with scenarios for quasar triggering. Comparing typical merging timescales to expected quasar lifetimes, the fraction of double quasars should be roughly a factor of 10 larger than observed. Additionally, we find that, depending on the correlations between black holes and their hosts, the occurrence of double quasars could be redshift-dependent. Comparison of our models to the SDSS quasar catalog suggests that double quasars should be more common at high redshift. We compare the typical separations at which double quasars are observed to the predictions of merger simulations. We find that the distribution of physical separations peaks at ~30 kpc, with a tail at larger separations (~100-200 kpc). These large separation pairs are instead consistent with unequal mass mergers where gas is dynamically perturbed during the first pericentric passage, but the gas reaches the black hole only at the next apocenter, where the pair is observed.

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