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arXiv 0811.3924gr-qcastro-phphysics.space-ph
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广义相对论对双曲轨道的影响及其在飞越异常中的应用

The effect of general relativity on hyperbolic orbits and its application to the flyby anomaly

Lorenzo Iorio

摘要:

定性和定量地研究了广义相对论引力电磁力对大质量自旋体双曲轨道的影响。引力磁场是由中心体的自旋S产生的,它是众所周知的椭圆轨道的Lense-Thirring进动的原因。它根据S和测试粒子的轨道角动量L的相互取向,使轨道发生不同的偏转和位移。引力-电力引起水星轨道近日点的爱因斯坦进动,它总是使轨道向内偏转,而与L-S方向无关。我们用数值方法计算了它们对NEAR航天器距离r、速度和速度v的径向和横向分量v_r和v_τ的影响。1998年1月,NEAR航天器最接近地球时,其渐近出射速度v_ \infty o异常增加,为13.46 +/- 0.01 mm sec^-1;虽然重力-电力在用于处理NEAR数据的软件中被建模,但重力-磁力却没有这样做。在10^-2(重力-电)-10 ^-5(重力-磁)mm sec^-1水平上,距离变化率和速度受广义相对论重力-电磁的影响。范围的变化在10^-2(重力-磁场)-10 ^1(重力-电场)mm的数量级。

英文摘要:

We investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the impact of the general relativistic gravito-electromagnetic forces on hyperbolic orbits around a massive spinning body. The gravito-magnetic field, which is the cause of the well known Lense-Thirring precessions of elliptic orbits, is generated by the spin S of the central body. It deflects and displaces the trajectories differently according to the mutual orientation of S and the orbital angular momentum L of the test particle. The gravito-electric force, which induces the Einstein precession of the perihelion of the orbit of Mercury, always deflects the trajectories inward irrespective of the L-S orientation. We numerically compute their effect on the range r, radial and transverse components v_r and v_τof the velocity and speed v of the NEAR spacecraft at its closest approach with the Earth in January 1998 when it experienced an anomalous increase of its asymptotic outgoing velocity v_\infty o of 13.46 +/- 0.01 mm sec^-1; while the gravito-electric force was modeled in the software used to process the NEAR data, this was not done for the gravito-magnetic one. The range-rate and the speed are affected by general relativistic gravito-electromagnetism at 10^-2 (gravito-electric)-10^-5 (gravito-magnetic) mm sec^-1 level. The changes in the range are of the order of 10^-2 (gravito-magnetic)-10^1 (gravito-electric) mm.

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